Distress and eating: Why do dieters overeat?

Polivy, Janet; Herman, C. Peter

doi:10.1002/(sici)1098-108x(199909)26:2<153::aid-eat4>3.0.co;2-r

Cited by 210 publications

(164 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…In line with this model, women with pre-existing appearance concerns have been found to consistently display negative effects (e.g., appearance dissatisfaction or increased food intake) after viewing media body ideals (e.g., Heinberg & Thompson, 1995;Monro & Huon, 2006). between periods of restraint and disinhibition, overeat when confronted with high calorie food or under stress, and tend to develop maladaptive associations with food (De Witt Huberts, Evers, & de Ridder, 2012;Polivy & Herman, 1999). Such alternation between periods of restraint and disinhibition promotes the development of problematic eating tendencies (Stice, Killen, Hayward, & Taylor, 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…However, this rationale is at odds with past research. First, it is a central component of Polivy and Herman (1985) restraint theory that restrained eaters overeat after experiencing significant levels of negative affect and/or self-evaluations (e.g., Polivy & Herman, 1999). Second, goal-related negative affect is less likely to be used for self-regulatory purposes if one possesses low levels of self-efficacy (e.g., Van de Ven, Zeelenberg, & Pieters, 2011).…”

Section: Explaining Restrained Eaters' Self-evaluation Mood and Foomentioning

confidence: 99%

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Inspiring or dispiriting? The effect of diet commercials on snack food consumption in high school and college-aged women

Warren

Strauss

Taska

et al. 2005

Int. J. Eat. Disord.

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a b s t r a c t a r t i c l e i n f oAlthough research consistently shows that images of thin women in the media (media body ideals) affect women negatively (e.g., increased weight dissatisfaction and food intake), this effect is less clear among restrained eaters.The majority of experiments demonstrate that restrained eaters -identified with the Restraint Scale -consume more food than do other participants after viewing media body ideal images; whereas a minority of experiments suggest that such images trigger restrained eaters' dietary restraint. Weight satisfaction and mood results are just as variable. One reason for these inconsistent results might be that different methods of image exposure (e.g., slideshow vs. film) afford varying levels of attention. Therefore, we manipulated attention levels and measured participants' weight satisfaction and food intake. We based our hypotheses on the elaboration likelihood model and on restraint theory. We hypothesised that advertent (i.e., processing the images via central routes of persuasion) and inadvertent (i.e., processing the images via peripheral routes of persuasion) exposure would trigger differing degrees of weight dissatisfaction and dietary disinhibition among restrained eaters (cf. restraint theory). Participants (N = 174) were assigned to one of four conditions: advertent or inadvertent exposure to media or control images. The dependent variables were measured in a supposedly unrelated study. Although restrained eaters' weight satisfaction was not significantly affected by either media exposure condition, advertent (but not inadvertent) media exposure triggered restrained eaters' eating. These results suggest that teaching restrained eaters how to pay less attention to media body ideal images might be an effective strategy in media-literary interventions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Explaining Restrained Eaters' Self-evaluation Mood and Foomentioning

confidence: 99%

Inspiring or dispiriting? The effect of diet commercials on snack food consumption in high school and college-aged women

Warren

Strauss

Taska

et al. 2005

Int. J. Eat. Disord.

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“…Other studies have also found that overeating in restrained eaters can be induced through other conditions, such as the perceived caloric content of the preload (Polivy, 1976), mere exposure to palatable food without consumption (Fedoroff, Polivy, & Herman, 2003;Shimizu & Wansink, 2011), emotional distress (e.g., Polivy & Herman, 1999;Wallis & Hetherington, 2004). Furthermore, restrained eaters (as measured by the RS) have shown motivational and cognitive tendencies associated with impulsive consumption, such as strong implicit preferences (e.g., Houben, Roefs, & Jansen, 2010, 2012, attentional biases (e.g., Papies, Stroebe, & Aarts, 2008), automatic approach tendencies (e.g., Veenstra & de Jong, 2010) and salivary responses (e.g., Brunstrom, Yates, & Witcomb, 2004) towards high calorie palatable foods.…”

Section: Predictive Validitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Construct validation of the Portuguese version of the Restraint Scale

Carvalho¹,

Marques²,

Ferreira³

et al. 2016

Psychol. Community Health

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Aim: The main purpose of this study was to adapt the Restraint Scale (RS) to Portuguese and examine its psychometric properties, specifically its construct validity. Method: In this study, 238 normal-weight adults (82% women; Mean age = 36.6, SD = 15.0) participated in an online survey containing measures of Restraint Scale, Three Factor Eating Questionnaire, Dutch Eating Behaviour Questionnaire, and Body Dissatisfaction and Drive for Thinness scales. Results: Exploratory factor analyses corroborated the two-factors structure found in previous studies, in particular when three items without clear factorial assignment and low correlation were excluded. A final two-factors version of the RS containing seven items presented a very good fit to the measurement model and good internal consistency. Confirmatory factor analysis of the 7-items RS in relation to a three-factor model of overeating, dieting and body dissatisfaction measures revealed that the RS was the only restraint measure loading in all three factors. Conclusion: This suggests that the 7-items Portuguese version of the RS has good psychometric properties and unique features that lend it appropriate to identify and study unsuccessful chronic dieters.

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“…Desde el punto de vista sustantivo, los estudios internacionales han develado que la restricción alimentaria paradójicamente esta relacionada a la sobrealimentación (2,(8)(9)(10). De hecho hay evidencia muy numerosa respecto de situaciones o eventos que desencadenan sobrealimentación en los dietantes crónicos (para una revisión en detalle véase el trabajo de Silva (11)).…”

Section: Versión En Español (Silva 2009)unclassified

“…La sub-escala "fluctuaciones de peso" (FP) registra el reporte de cambios en el peso, incluyendo ítems que evalúan cambios de peso semanal y preguntas acerca del máximo peso ganado o perdido a lo largo de la vida. En conjunto, las variaciones en los puntajes de la ERA, especialmente sus niveles elevados, se han relacionado con una tendencia crónica a restringir la alimentación (por medio de dietas) asociada a un temor exacerbado por ganar peso (2). Consecuen- temente, las personas con altos puntajes en la ERA son frecuentemente denominados comedores refrenados o dietantes crónicos (3).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Consistencia Interna Y Validez Factorial De La Versión en Español De La Escala Revisada De Restricción Alimentaria

Silva

Jaime²

2010

Rev. chil. nutr.

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INTRODUCCIÓNLa escala revisada de restricción alimentaria (ERA) es un auto-reporte breve, que consta de 10 ítems agrupados en dos sub-escalas, cuyo objetivo es obtener un indicador psicométrico del constructo de restricción alimentaria (1) (ver Anexo I). La sub-escala "preocupación por la dieta" (PD), evalúa la tendencia de una persona a restringir su alimentación y el temor a ganar peso. Se incluyen en este grupo de ítems preguntas relativas a la frecuencia de dietas, la preocupación por el peso y el miedo a ganar peso. La sub-escala "fluctuaciones de peso" (FP) registra el reporte de cambios en el peso, incluyendo ítems que evalúan cambios de peso semanal y preguntas acerca del máximo peso ganado o perdido a lo largo de la vida. En conjunto, las variaciones en los puntajes de la ERA, especialmente sus niveles elevados, se han relacionado con una tendencia crónica a restringir la alimentación (por medio de dietas) asociada a un temor exacerbado por ganar peso (2). Consecuen- ABSTRACT The revised restraint scale (RS) it is a psychometric instrument for measuring chronic alimentary restraint. Aim:To obtain reliability measures and factorial structure of a Spanish RS version. Subjects and methods: 640 female undergraduate students completed the instrument. An exploratory factorial analysis (i.e. principal components, with a oblique rotation-oblimin-) was performed over the RS scores. Results: Both RS sub-scales shown appropriate reliability levels, while KMO (0,89) and Barret (χ2=1762,22; p<0,01) test were acceptable. After exploratory factorial analysis two correlated factors (diet concern and weight fluctuations) emerged, explaining 51,25% of the variance. Conclusions: The Spanish RS version has a factorial structure congruent with the original self-report.

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Distress and eating: Why do dieters overeat?

Cited by 210 publications

References 18 publications

Inspiring or dispiriting? The effect of diet commercials on snack food consumption in high school and college-aged women

Inspiring or dispiriting? The effect of diet commercials on snack food consumption in high school and college-aged women

Construct validation of the Portuguese version of the Restraint Scale

Consistencia Interna Y Validez Factorial De La Versión en Español De La Escala Revisada De Restricción Alimentaria

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