Distribución espacial de los daños producidos por los temporales del invierno 2014 en la costa norte de España: peligrosidad, vulnerabilidad y exposición

Abstract

Durante el invierno de 2014 se produjo una sucesión de temporales que azotaron la costa galaico-cantábrica, generando cuantiosos daños, tanto en el medio natural como en equipamientos e infraestructuras, cuya restauración fue cuantificada en alrededor de 70 millones de € .
 Dada la especial sensibilidad de las playas a la erosión, este tipo de ambientes ha centrado la mayor parte del análisis. Los resultados muestran que la distribución espacial de esos daños guarda más relación con la valoración de estos espacios por parte de la población que con la intensidad del fenómeno natural o los condicionantes geomorfológicos, confirmando que las consecuencias de los eventos climáticos extremos no dependen exclusivamente de la peligrosidad del proceso sino también de la vulnerabi lidad (natural y social) de la zona geográfica afectada y de la cantidad y valor de los elementos en situación de riesgo.

Extreme Wave Storms and Atmospheric Variability at the Spanish Coast of the Bay of Biscay

“…Analysis is underway on the effects of those storms during the winter of 2014, which also offer a picture of extraordinary damage along the northern coast of Spain in both the natural environment, and on infrastructure and equipment, the restoration of which was worth around €70 million [20].…”

“…The coastal municipalities concentrate approximately 75% of the population and contribute up to 80% of the regional GDP. As a consequence, this region is strongly affected by extreme events, and the storm events are of great economic impact [20]. [21].…”

Marine storms in coastal tourist areas of the Canary Islands

“…It should be taken into account, in the same way, that the ravages of the sea can result from the action of a storm preceded by others in a more or less short period of time and whose repetition has gradually reduced the resistance of the coastline to the action of the waves. Fundamentally, this is about assessing their cumulative impact (Ferreira 2006;Menéndez et al 2014;Garmendia et al 2017). The recording of 4 storms on both islands in 1987 and 1991 is in line with this; from 6 to 1996 and as high as 9 in Gran Canaria in 2012.…”

“…For the purposes of this work, a marine storm is understood to be any episode in which the height, behavior and energy content of waves clearly differ from the usual wave regime, during a given period of time. Other aspects of a marine storm are the need for a rapid response on the coast and the possibility of it becoming a threat to the coastal system and the population living there (Mendoza and Jiménez 2008;Benavente et al 2009;Mosso et al 2009;Rangel-Buitrago and Anfuso 2014;Garmendia et al 2017;Molina et al 2019).…”

Jellyfish Swarms and Degree of Exposure and Vulnerability of Recreational and Tourist Activities on Beaches. Methodological Approach to Their Assessment in the Lagos-Ferrara Sector (Málaga, Spain)

“…That is to say, not only the economic activity generated by tourism is taken into account, but also the recreational use that both the local population and visitors make of the beaches. Vulnerability analysis applied to territorial risk management is widespread at both the academic and institutional levels [19] and it has been already applied to coastal management [8,10,25]. In the specific case of jellyfish, it is assumed that the consequences of their appearance on beaches may vary depending on the activity (recreational or economic) and the time scale in which the analysis is carried out.…”