Distributed Amplifiers Based on Spindt-Type Field-Emission Nanotriodes

Chen, Pai‐Yen; Huang, Haiyu; Akinwande, Deji; Alù, Andrea

doi:10.1109/tnano.2012.2215336

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…The proposed configuration is a four-port device, consisting of two inputs and two outputs. This feature can facilitate a nonlinear optical absorption response and also make the structure to operate as an all-optical passive amplifier [42][43][44][45]. The presented structural asymmetry is the key characteristic to enhance these interesting phenomena, bringing them in the extremely compact subwavelength scale, and making them accessible with realistic excitation configurations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tunable and broadband coherent perfect absorbers with nonlinear and amplification performance based on asymmetric bifacial graphene metasurfaces

Guo¹,

Argyropoulos²

2020

J. Opt.

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We present an asymmetric bifacial graphene metasurface to realize tunable and broadband coherent perfect absorption (CPA) at terahertz (THz) frequencies. The proposed design is composed of two dissimilar graphene square patch metasurfaces stacked over an ultrathin dielectric substrate. Nonlinear CPA performance without resorting to optical nonlinearities and amplification are demonstrated based on wave interference phenomena taking place along and inside this subwavelength structure. Broadband asymmetric reflection from opposite directions is obtained in the case of single wave illumination. This response acts as a precursor to the presented tunable and broadband nonlinear CPA performance and the inverse response to absorption, i.e., amplification, when an additional input wave coherently interacts with the opposite propagating incident wave. The proposed ultrathin broadband CPA device is expected to be a vital component to several new on-chip THz communication devices, such as optical modulators, sensors, photodetectors, and all-optical small-signal amplifiers.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tunable and broadband coherent perfect absorbers with nonlinear and amplification performance based on asymmetric bifacial graphene metasurfaces

Guo¹,

Argyropoulos²

2020

J. Opt.

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“…Conventional tunneling devices, however, encounter large tunneling resistances, high operating voltages, and stability issues [19,20]. With the rapid improvement in atomic layer deposition [21,22] and nanolithography techniques [23][24][25][26][27], as well as two-dimensional materials [28,29], the operating voltage of MIM devices can be mitigated by downscaling the tunneling junction to the nanometer scale and replacing the vacuum channel with certain transition metal oxides that have large bandgaps and large electron affinities, e.g. Ta 2 O 5 , TiO 2 , or Nb 2 O 5 [21,22], [28].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Generation of high-power terahertz radiation by nonlinear photon-assisted tunneling transport in plasmonic metamaterials

Chen

Salas

Farhat

2017

J. Opt.

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We propose an optoelectronic terahertz oscillator based on the quantum tunneling effect in a plasmonic metamaterial, utilizing a nanostructured metal-insulator-metal (MIM) tunneling junction. The collective resonant response of meta-atoms can achieve >90% optical absorption and strongly localized optical fields within the MIM plasmonic nanojunction. By properly tailoring the radiation aperture, the nonlinear quantum conductance induced by the metamaterial-enhanced, photon-assisted tunneling may produce miliwatt-level terahertz radiation through the optical beating (or heterodyne down conversion) of two lasers with a slight frequency offset. We envisage that the interplay between photon-assisted tunneling and plasmon coupling within the MIM metamaterial/diode may substantially enhance the modulated terahertz photocurrent, and may therefore realize a practical high-power, room-temperature source in applications of terahertz electronics.

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“…As an additional advantage, electron field-emission, with a ballistic transport in vacuum, is insensitive to the environment temperature and ionizing radiation. For these reasons, field-emission nanodevices with very fast switching time and high current densities are widely used in vacuum micro/nanoelectronics [33][34][35][36][37][38]. Recently, there have been some efforts to explore the electron field emissions from freestanding graphene monolayers [39][40][41][42], which is expected to be largely enhanced due to the large geometric (electrostatic field) enhancement factor of graphene (10 3 -10 4 ).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The current density produced by a graphene emitter can be described by the well-known Fowler-Nordheim equation [33][34][35][36][37][38][40][41][42]:…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For instance, at the mixing frequency (ω 1 − ω 2 )/2π = 1 THz, the maximum delivered power increases from 6.6 nW to 1.44 µW, thanks to the effect of the plasmonic nanoantennas. Typically, field-emission arrays can consist of 10 4 emitters per centimeter square [33][34][35][36][37][38] (i.e., flat-panel displays), so arrays of graphene-based, vacuum-nanoelectronic photomixers as the ones presented here can potentially realize mW power level. In realistic designs, the physical length of the graphene emitter and of the waveguide cannot be changed.…”

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confidence: 99%

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A terahertz photomixer based on plasmonic nanoantennas coupled to a graphene emitter

Chen

Alù

2013

Nanotechnology

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We propose the concept of a graphene-based nanoantenna-enhanced photomixer to realize wideband-tunable terahertz (THz) frequency generation. When two laser beams are focused on the graphene nanoemitter of a planar field-emission diode, THz current oscillations can be created at the emitter tip through the optical heterodyne. Graphene's optical transparency allows suitably designed plasmonic nanoantennas to boost the mixing of laser radiation at the emitter tip, significantly increasing the overall produced photomixing current. The THz wave generated at the graphene emitter is then coupled to a loading circuit, thanks to the THz wave confinement in the graphene nanostructures. Our design is ideally suited for THz sources that may be tuned from DC to 10 THz by simply shifting the frequency offset of two pumping lasers.

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Distributed Amplifiers Based on Spindt-Type Field-Emission Nanotriodes

Cited by 10 publications

References 40 publications

Tunable and broadband coherent perfect absorbers with nonlinear and amplification performance based on asymmetric bifacial graphene metasurfaces

Tunable and broadband coherent perfect absorbers with nonlinear and amplification performance based on asymmetric bifacial graphene metasurfaces

Generation of high-power terahertz radiation by nonlinear photon-assisted tunneling transport in plasmonic metamaterials

A terahertz photomixer based on plasmonic nanoantennas coupled to a graphene emitter

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