Distributed antistokes ratio thermometry

Dakin, J.P.; Pratt, D. J.; Bibby, G. W.; Rose, Josef

doi:10.1364/ofs.1985.pds3

Cited by 27 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…Distributed sensing using the temperature dependence of Raman scattering was proposed and first demonstrated in the mid-1980s [90][91][92], and has since been developed into a commercial instrument by several companies, most notably York Technology. The Raman scattering process produces components in a broadband about the exciting (pump) wavelength comprising Stokes (lower photon energy) and anti-Stokes (higher photon energy) emissions as shown in Fig.…”

Section: Raman Scatteringmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Recent Developments in Fiber Optic Sensor Technology

Kersey

1996

Optical Fiber Technology

405

214

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Section: Raman Scatteringmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Recent Developments in Fiber Optic Sensor Technology

Kersey

1996

Optical Fiber Technology

405

214

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“…For thermally occupied states, an absolute, self-calibrating temperature measurement is possible by measuring this asymmetry in Raman scattering. Distributed optical fiber sensors [1] and solid state systems [2][3][4] make use of spontaneous Raman scattering between optical phonon levels for temperature measurements, and combustion chemistry diagnostics use rotational-vibrational molecular levels in a similar fashion [5]. Ultracold trapped ions [6,7] and neutral atoms [8,9] employ motional Raman sideband spectroscopy to reveal thermal occupations near the quantum ground state.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Optomechanical Raman-ratio thermometry

Purdy

Kampel

et al. 2015

Phys. Rev. A

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The temperature dependence of the asymmetry between Stokes and anti-Stokes Raman scattering can be exploited for self-calibrating, optically-based thermometry. In the context of cavity optomechanics, we observe the cavity-enhanced scattering of light interacting with the standingwave drumhead modes of a Si3N4 membrane mechanical resonator. The ratio of the amplitude of Stokes to anti-Stokes scattered light is used to measure temperatures of optically-cooled mechanical modes down to the level of a few vibrational quanta. We demonstrate that the Raman-ratio technique is able to measure the physical temperature of our device over a range extending from cryogenic temperatures to within an order of magnitude of room temperature.Raman light scattering has proven to be a robust and powerful technique for in situ thermometry. Many material-specific properties governing Raman transitions, such as the Stokes shift, spectral linewidth, and scattering rate vary with temperature. However, for all Raman systems the ratio of spontaneously scattered Stokes versus anti-Stokes photons is a direct measure of the initial population of the motional state. For example, at zero temperature the process of anti-Stokes scattering, which attempts to lower the motional state below the ground state, is entirely suppressed, whereas the Stokes scattering, which raises the motional state, is allowed. For thermally occupied states, an absolute, self-calibrating temperature measurement is possible by measuring this asymmetry in Raman scattering. Distributed optical fiber sensors [1] and solid state systems [2-4] make use of spontaneous Raman scattering between optical phonon levels for temperature measurements, and combustion chemistry diagnostics use rotational-vibrational molecular levels in a similar fashion [5]. Ultracold trapped ions [6,7] and neutral atoms [8,9] employ motional Raman sideband spectroscopy to reveal thermal occupations near the quantum ground state. Recent experiments in the field of quantum cavity optomechanics [10][11][12] use cavity enhancement to collect Raman-scattered light from localized acoustic resonances demonstrating the Stokes/anti-Stokes asymmetry.Here we measure the asymmetry of Raman scattering from a single, resonant laser tone driving a membranein-cavity optomechanical system (Fig. 1). The motional states are the MHz frequency vibrational levels of a membrane mechanical resonator, and an optical resonance is provided by an optical cavity surrounding the membrane. The asymmetry becomes more pronounced in certain mechanical normal modes of the resonator when they are optically cooled near their ground state with a separate laser tone. We use these measurements to verify that the damped displacement spectral density near the membrane resonance frequency is equal to that expected from a resonator occupied withn ∼ 2 vibrational quanta (∼150 µK effective temperature). Additionally, we measure the physical temperature of our device by extrapolating the Raman sideband asymmetry to zero optical damping. These measur...

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“…Please note that the reported values of resolution are obtained only after proper calibration. In fact, the calibration addresses two fundamental issues of Raman-DTSs: the differential attenuation between anti-Stokes and Stokes Raman signals that significantly impairs system performance and the normalisation of the signals from the sensing fibre [63]. The most simple approach proposed by most of the commercial Raman-DTSs consists of introducing a correction factor calculated from the measurement of temperature at the beginning of the fibre and at its remote end (if accessible) using other temperature sensors (see Figure 4a).…”

Section: Raman-based Distributed Sensingmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Distributed Fibre Optic Sensors for Geo-Hydrological Applications

2017

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Featured Application: Distributed fibre optic sensors for geo-hydrological applications: a comprehensive review about methodology, weaknesses, and strengths.Abstract: Distributed optical fibre sensing, employing either Rayleigh, Raman, or Brillouin scattering, is the only physical-contact sensor technology capable of accurately estimating physical fields with spatial continuity along the fibre. This unique feature and the other features of standard optical fibre sensors (e.g., minimal invasiveness and lightweight, remote powering/interrogating capabilities) have for many years promoted the technology to be a promising candidate for geo-hydrological monitoring. Relentless research efforts are being undertaken to bring the technology to complete maturity through laboratory, physical models, and in-situ tests. The application of distributed optical fibre sensors to geo-hydrological monitoring is here reviewed and discussed, along with basic principles and main acquisition techniques. Among the many existing geo-hydrological processes, the emphasis is placed on those related to soil levees, slopes/landslide, and ground subsidence that constitute a significant percentage of current geohazards.

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Distributed antistokes ratio thermometry

Cited by 27 publications

References 0 publications

A Review of Recent Developments in Fiber Optic Sensor Technology

A Review of Recent Developments in Fiber Optic Sensor Technology

Optomechanical Raman-ratio thermometry

A Review of Distributed Fibre Optic Sensors for Geo-Hydrological Applications

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