Distributed Generation Integration in the Electric Grid: Energy Storage System for Frequency Control

Delfanti, Maurizio; Falabretti, Davide; Merlo, Marco; Monfredini, Gabriele

doi:10.1155/2014/198427

Cited by 18 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Reference [33] analyses and models the performances and the degradation trend of a specific Lithium-ion technology. Referring to a PV system, a control scheme and a BESS sizing procedure are introduced in [6] to study the PCR impact on batteries lifetime. Finally, BESS and flywheels are compared in providing PCR in industrial plants [34].…”

Section: Bess Integration For Supplying Primary Control Reserve (Pcr)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For each time instant t, the required upward reserve power PRu,t is computed according to (2). At the same time, depending on the state of charge evaluated in the previous time instant SoCt−1 and taking into account the BESS discharging efficiency ηD and charging efficiency ηC, the storage unit maximum contributions in discharge PMD,t and in charge PMC,t are assessed according to (6) and (7) respectively. The SoC admitted range (SoCmin-SoCmax) and the time instant duration Δt are considered.…”

Section: Hybrid Hydroelectric Plant Including Bessmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Considering the unpredictable availability of the primary source, other renewables such as photovoltaic, wind and run-of-river hydroelectric plants are excluded from the primary reserve contribution [5], often leading to a significant reduction in the available primary reserve power [6]. Recently, the inertia emulation applied to static converter has been investigated, even if its application has not been regulated in the grid codes, considering also its impact on local loss-of-main protection effectiveness [7,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Integration of Lithium-Ion Battery Storage Systems in Hydroelectric Plants for Supplying Primary Control Reserve

et al. 2017

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Abstract:The ever-growing diffusion of renewables as electrical generation sources is forcing the electrical power system to face new and challenging regulation problems to preserve grid stability. Among these, the primary control reserve is reckoned to be one of the most important issues, since the introduction of generators based on renewable energies and interconnected through static converters, if relieved from the primary reserve contribution, reduces both the system inertia and the available power reserve in case of network events involving frequency perturbations. In this scenario, renewable plants such as hydroelectric run-of-river generators could be required to provide the primary control reserve ancillary service. In this paper, the integration between a multi-unit run-of-river power plant and a lithium-ion based battery storage system is investigated, suitably accounting for the ancillary service characteristics as required by present grid codes. The storage system is studied in terms of maximum economic profitability, taking into account its operating constraints. Dynamic simulations are carried out within the DIgSILENT PowerFactory 2016 software environment in order to analyse the plant response in case of network frequency contingencies, comparing the pure hydroelectric plant with the hybrid one, in which the primary reserve is partially or completely supplied by the storage system. Results confirm that the battery storage system response to frequency perturbations is clearly faster and more accurate during the transient phase compared to a traditional plant, since time delays due to hydraulic and mechanical regulations are overpassed. A case study, based on data from an existing hydropower plant and referring to the Italian context in terms of operational constraints and ancillary service remuneration, is presented.

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Section: Bess Integration For Supplying Primary Control Reserve (Pcr)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Hybrid Hydroelectric Plant Including Bessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Integration of Lithium-Ion Battery Storage Systems in Hydroelectric Plants for Supplying Primary Control Reserve

et al. 2017

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“…Recently, several works related to the applicability, advantages and disadvantages of various ESS technologies for RES integration have been reported [7]. As regards PV power plants coupling with ESS, several works dealing with technical issues and economic feasibility have been conducted [8] [9] [10] [11]. However, from a regulatory point of view (incentive schemes and economic feasibility), nearly all works reported in the literature focus on the determination of the optimal sizing of the ESS [12] [13] [14] [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Economic Performance Optimization of a PV-BESS Power Generator: A Case Study La Reunion Island

Damour¹,

Benne²,

Alicalapa³

et al. 2017

SGRE

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This paper proposes an economic performance optimization strategy for a PV plant coupled with a battery energy storage system. The case study of La Reunion Island, a non-interconnected zone (NIZ) with a high level of renewable energy sources (RES), is considered. This last decade, to reach the ambitious target of electricity autonomy by 2030 set by the local authorities, local and national plans have been launched to promote renewable energy sources integration that led to a noticeable development of photovoltaic (PV) systems. To avoid a decrease of the grid reliability due to a large integration of intermittent energy sources into a non-interconnected grid, the authorities have introduced new regulatory rules for RES producers. The proposed optimization strategy relies on these new regulatory rules and takes into account the energy market data, the amount of PV production subject to penalties for imbalance, the batteries and the PV technological characteristics together with a PV production forecast model. Due to its high convergence rate to the true global minimum and its perfect suitability to practical engineering optimization problems, the recently developed Modified Cuckoo Search algorithm is used as optimization algorithm. The effectiveness and relevance of the proposed strategy are assessed on experimental data collected on a real PV power plant. An economical analysis demonstrates that the proposed optimization strategy is able to fulfill the new regulatory rules requirements while increasing the economic performance of the system.

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“…In fact, the high impact of non-programmable distributed generation systems is introducing many technical problems on both the bulk power system and the distribution networks, which could require in the future the necessity to introduce control strategies at the level of RES unit [5]. Photovoltaic plants are particularly challenging because, unlike wind plants, they are mainly connected to MT/BT distribution networks and the distributed system operators (DSO) have not the possibility to carry out any control.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress in preliminary studies at Ottana Solar Facility

Demontis

Camerada

Cau

et al. 2016

AIP Conference Proceedings

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Abstract. The fast increasing share of distributed generation from non-programmable renewable energy sources, such as the strong penetration of photovoltaic technology in the distribution networks, has generated several problems for the management and security of the whole power grid. In order to meet the challenge of a significant share of solar energy in the electricity mix, several actions aimed at increasing the grid flexibility and its hosting capacity, as well as at improving the generation programmability, need to be investigated. This paper focuses on the ongoing preliminary studies at the Ottana Solar Facility, a new experimental power plant located in Sardinia (Italy) currently under construction, which will offer the possibility to progress in the study of solar plants integration in the power grid. The facility integrates a concentrating solar power (CSP) plant, including a thermal energy storage system and an organic Rankine cycle (ORC) unit, with a concentrating photovoltaic (CPV) plant and an electrical energy storage system. The facility has the main goal to assess in real operating conditions the small scale concentrating solar power technology and to study the integration of the two technologies and the storage systems to produce programmable and controllable power profiles. A model for the CSP plant yield was developed to assess different operational strategies that significantly influence the plant yearly yield and its global economic effectiveness. In particular, precise assumptions for the ORC module start-up operation behavior, based on discussions with the manufacturers and technical datasheets, will be described. Finally, the results of the analysis of the: "solar driven", "weather forecasts" and "combined storage state of charge (SOC)/ weather forecasts" operational strategies will be presented.

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Distributed Generation Integration in the Electric Grid: Energy Storage System for Frequency Control

Cited by 18 publications

References 16 publications

Integration of Lithium-Ion Battery Storage Systems in Hydroelectric Plants for Supplying Primary Control Reserve

Integration of Lithium-Ion Battery Storage Systems in Hydroelectric Plants for Supplying Primary Control Reserve

Economic Performance Optimization of a PV-BESS Power Generator: A Case Study La Reunion Island

Progress in preliminary studies at Ottana Solar Facility

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