Distributed Power Sharing Control Based on Adaptive Virtual Impedance in Seaport Microgrids With Cold Ironing

Zhao, Peng; Ma, Kai; Yang, Jie; Yang, Bo; Guerrero, Josep M.; Dou, Chunxia; Guan, Xinping

doi:10.1109/tte.2022.3211204

Cited by 38 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Equations ( 7)-( 11) are related to power fow equations of the power system [20], which, respectively, express active power balance, reactive power balance, calculation of active power passing through the line, calculation of reactive power passing through the line, and the reference (slack) bus voltage angle [21][22][23]. In addition, equations ( 12)-( 16) refer to the network structure.…”

Section: 􏽺√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√ √􏽽􏽼√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√ √􏽻mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Te expected energy not supplied (EENS) is proportional to equation (22), which is equal to the sum of the unsupplied apparent power of the power system. Te unfed apparent power can be calculated as equation (23). In addition, the details of stability index L are stated in relations ( 24)- (27).…”

Section: 􏽺√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√ √􏽽􏽼√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√ √􏽻mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Presenting a Stochastic Model of Simultaneous Planning Problem of Distribution and Subtransmission Network Development considering the Reliability and Security Indicators

Moayed

Shahi

Akbari-Zadeh

et al. 2023

International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems

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Consumption growth demands power system expansion, and changes in a network lead to changes in operation indices of the upstream network. Hence, to establish a reliable planning of the distribution network, simultaneous planning of the subtransmission network should also be taken into account. It is predicted that this planning impacts different technical indices; therefore, formulation of various technical indices need to be included in the planning model. Therefore, in this study, the stochastic problem model of simultaneous planning of distribution and super distribution network development considering the reliability and security indicators is presented. The aforementioned problem is in the form of an optimization problem whose objective function is to minimize the costs of construction, replacement, operation, maintenance, reliability, and security. Furthermore, the mentioned problem is bound to the equations of power distribution, reliability, and security of voltage in addition to the limitation of network indicators. It is worth mentioning that, in the proposed problem, the active and reactive loads in addition to the operating price are in the form of uncertainty. Thus, the mentioned problem is in the form of a stochastic problem in which the point estimation method is used to evaluate the scenarios. Simultaneous expansion planning of distribution and subtransmission networks along with the placement of distributed generations and capacitors, as well as modeling security and reliability indices, is the novelty of the proposed scheme. In the end, the proposed problem is applied to the test network by GAMS optimization software, and then the capabilities of the proposed problem are extracted. Accordingly, based on numerical results, the expansion of distribution networks imposes considerable cost. Moreover, expansion planning of both distribution and subtransmission networks helps voltage to be in its permissible range, lower power loss, and improve reliability and security to 100%.

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Section: 􏽺√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√ √􏽽􏽼√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√ √􏽻mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: 􏽺√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√ √􏽽􏽼√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√ √􏽻mentioning

confidence: 99%

Presenting a Stochastic Model of Simultaneous Planning Problem of Distribution and Subtransmission Network Development considering the Reliability and Security Indicators

Moayed

Shahi

Akbari-Zadeh

et al. 2023

International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems

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“…To linearize Equation ( 23), the conventional piecewise linearization method is used [10]. First, the equation is stated as constraint (40), in which π is an auxiliary variable and it can be calculated from Equation (41). To obtain linear model for (41) based on the conventional piecewise linearization method, variables υ and π can be expressed as ( 42) and ( 43), respectively.…”

Section: Linear Approximation Model Of the Lower-level Problemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resilience‐oriented expansion planning of multi‐carrier microgrid utilizing bi‐level technique

Dehshiri Badi,

Amir,

Shariatmadar

2023

IET Renewable Power Gen

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This paper presents the generation and transmission expansion planning (GTEP) in electricity and gas networks by considering their resilience against floods and earthquakes. These networks supply electricity, heat, and gas consumption energies as a multi‐carrier microgrid. The scheme is expressed in the form of bi‐level optimization, the upper level of which is the minimization of generation and transmission planning cost (total investment cost and expected operating cost) in the mentioned networks constrained to the investment budget and the planning model of the mentioned elements. Lower‐level formulation minimizes the total expected annual operating cost of these networks and the expected outage cost of electricity, heat, and gas consumers in the event of floods and earthquakes. This formulation is bound by the power flow equations of electricity and gas networks, the operation and resilience constraints of the networks, and the limitation on generation capability. In this problem, the expected energy not‐supplied and the outage cost during natural disasters are considered resilience indicators. Next, a single‐level model for the proposed design is extracted from the Karush–Kuhn–Tucker (KKT) method. The basic requirement of this method is the convexity of the lower‐level constraints. For this purpose, first, a linear approximation model is obtained for the lower‐level constraints of the problem. Furthermore, stochastic optimization is adopted to model the uncertainty of load, renewable power, and network equipment availability during floods and earthquakes. Finally, the extracted numerical results confirm the capability of the proposed scheme in improving the operation and resilience of the mentioned networks using optimal generation and transmission planning.

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“…On the other hand, the utility decline peak-to-average demand ratio (PADR) directly impacts the power generation, transmission, and distribution of SPG. Thus, DR is a win-win program, where the distribution networks [12]- [15] manage demand according to supply to avoid the need for peak power plant and reduce electricity bill for consumers [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Demand Response for Optimal Power Usage Scheduling Considering Time and Power Flexibility of Load in Smart Grid

Alzahrani

Hafeez²,

Rukh³

et al. 2023

IEEE Access

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Demand response (DR) shaves peak energy consumption and drives energy conservation to ensure reliable operation of power grid. With the emergence of the smart power grid (SPG), DR has become increasingly popular and highly contributes to energy optimization. On this note, in this work, DR is adopted for scheduling home appliances to reduce utility bill payment, peak to average demand ratio (PADR), and discomfort. First, home appliances are classified into two categories according to time and power flexibility: time-flexible and power-flexible. Secondly, the demand-side users power usage scheduling problem is modelled as per the user priority and modes of operation considering demand and supply. Finally, the energy consumption scheduler (ECS) is developed to adjust the time and power of both types of appliances under different operation modes to acquire desired tradeoff between utility bills payment and discomfort, and PADR and discomfort. Simulation results depict that employing the proposed ECS benefits demand-side users by minimizing their utility bills payment, PADR, and achieving the desired tradeoff between utility bill payment and discomfort, and PADR and discomfort. Results illustrate that developed reduced utility bill payment and alleviated PADR without compromising comfort by 28% and 21%, respectively, compared to without scheduling case.

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Distributed Power Sharing Control Based on Adaptive Virtual Impedance in Seaport Microgrids With Cold Ironing

Cited by 38 publications

References 30 publications

Presenting a Stochastic Model of Simultaneous Planning Problem of Distribution and Subtransmission Network Development considering the Reliability and Security Indicators

Presenting a Stochastic Model of Simultaneous Planning Problem of Distribution and Subtransmission Network Development considering the Reliability and Security Indicators

Resilience‐oriented expansion planning of multi‐carrier microgrid utilizing bi‐level technique

Demand Response for Optimal Power Usage Scheduling Considering Time and Power Flexibility of Load in Smart Grid

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