Distributed Sensors in the Oil and Gas Industry

Hartog, Arthur H.

doi:10.1002/9781119534730.ch6

Cited by 15 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Distributed optical fiber temperature and strain sensors based on stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) have been widely used in several application fields, including structural health monitoring and security asset integrity, in virtue of their long sensing range and high spatial resolution 1 – 6 . Despite these advantages, conventional SBS-based sensors suffer from the temperature and strain cross-sensitivity of the Brillouin frequency shift (BFS).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tuning of the Brillouin scattering properties in microstructured optical fibers by liquid infiltration

Catalano

Vallifuoco

Zeni

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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We demonstrate the possibility to modify the Brillouin scattering properties of a microstructured pure-silica core optical fiber, by infiltrating a liquid inside its holes. In particular, we show that the dependence of the Brillouin frequency shift (BFS) on the temperature can be reduced by infiltration, owing to the large negative thermo-optic coefficient of the liquid. Infiltrating a chloroform-acetonitrile mixture with a refractive index of 1.365 inside the holes of a suspended-core fiber with a core diameter of 3 µm, the BFS temperature sensing coefficient is reduced by ≈ 21%, while the strain sensitivity remains almost unaltered. Besides tuning the temperature sensing coefficient, the proposed platform could find other applications in Brillouin sensing, such as distributed electrical and magnetic measurements, or enhanced Brillouin gain in fibers infiltrated with high nonlinear optical media.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tuning of the Brillouin scattering properties in microstructured optical fibers by liquid infiltration

Catalano

Vallifuoco

Zeni

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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“…Over the past decade, distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) has emerged as an important technology for seismic investigation . A DAS sensing system in a borehole application is composed of two key components: (1) a deployed optical fiber cable that is usually elastically coupled to the borehole during the cementing completion process; and (2) an interrogator unit (IU) that sends short laser pulses along the fiber and detects the light energy backscattered from minor heterogeneities within the fiber.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advanced Distributed Acoustic Sensing Vertical Seismic Profile Imaging of an Alaska North Slope Gas Hydrate Field

et al. 2022

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Gas hydrates are found in significant quantities on the North Slope of Alaska in subpermafrost sand units and intermixed in lower portions of permafrost within the hydrate stability window. While conventional surface seismic data and established imaging methods can indicate the presence of gas hydrate reservoirs, producing high-resolution images of (seismically) thin layers remains challenging due to the preferential attenuation of the higher-frequency data components. An alternative strategy is to use distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) involving cementing optical fibers into boreholes to measure seismic wavefield energy closer to the strata of interest using vertical seismic profiling (VSP). DAS VSP imaging takes advantage of the shorter travel paths and reduced attenuation to generate higher-resolution near-well images. We illustrate these benefits on a DAS VSP data set acquired at the Hydrate-01 stratigraphic test well located in the Prudhoe Bay Unit of Alaska where significant gas hydrate deposits have been detected in two subpermafrost sand layers that are intended for long-duration production testing. Our DAS data preprocessing workflow effectively isolates the upgoing compressional-wave (P-wave) reflections required for subsurface acoustic imaging. After applying three-dimensional (3-D) tomography to improve the quality of the 3-D migration velocity model, we use 3-D reverse-time migration (RTM) to develop high-quality images of the two target sands and minor near-well faulting. We validate our RTM images through highly accurate well-ties with previously acquired petrophysical log data. This study demonstrates that combining 3-D RTM imaging with DAS VSP data provides significant value to gas hydrate and similar projects, and it suggests that more advanced inversion approaches such as (elastic) least-squares RTM could recover higher-resolution and more quantitative estimates of subsurface reflectivity, which would be valuable for refining the understanding of gas hydrate systems.

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“…Distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) offers an exceptional type of seismic measurement. It provides high spatial and temporal resolution and can record dense seismic data for tens of kilometers [ 9 ]. With conventional acquisition parameters, it can record unaliased seismic wavelengths as short as a few meters.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While the effect of the gauge length is understood and can be modeled, recovering the original signal is difficult due to low SNR. Modern interrogators can have shorter gauge lengths at the expense of lower SNR, which by itself keeps improving with time [ 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seismic Applications of Downhole DAS

Lellouch

Biondi

2021

Sensors

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Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) is gaining vast popularity in the industrial and academic sectors for a variety of studies. Its spatial and temporal resolution is ever helpful, but one of the primary benefits of DAS is the ability to install fibers in boreholes and record seismic signals in depth. With minimal operational disruption, a continuous sampling along the trajectory of the borehole is made possible. Such resolution is highly challenging to obtain with conventional downhole tools. This review article summarizes different seismic uses, passive and active, of downhole DAS. We emphasize current DAS limitations and potential ways to overcome them.

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Distributed Sensors in the Oil and Gas Industry

Cited by 15 publications

References 38 publications

Tuning of the Brillouin scattering properties in microstructured optical fibers by liquid infiltration

Tuning of the Brillouin scattering properties in microstructured optical fibers by liquid infiltration

Advanced Distributed Acoustic Sensing Vertical Seismic Profile Imaging of an Alaska North Slope Gas Hydrate Field

Seismic Applications of Downhole DAS

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