Distribution and availability of copper, iron, manganese and zinc in the archaeological black earth profile from the Amazon region

Abstract

Os solos de terra preta arqueológica são ricos em matéria orgânica, contêm fragmentos cerâmicos e artefatos líticos e apresentam nutrientes em concentrações mais elevadas do que outros tipos de solos. Com o intuito de contribuir com informações sobre concentrações de micronutrientes disponíveis em solos de terra preta, foram avaliadas através de extrações químicas sequenciais, a distribuição e disponibilidade de Cu, Fe, Mn e Zn em um perfil de terra preta arqueológica no município de Juruti, estado do Pará. As maiores concentrações de Cu, Fe, Mn e Zn no perfil são encontradas na fração residual. Este estudo mostrou que ferro, manganês e zinco são preferencialmente disponíveis a partir das frações, associados aos óxidos de Fe-Mn, variando de 1265,39 a 1818,12 mg kg The archaeological black earth soils are rich in organic matter, contain ceramic fragments and lithics artifacts and feature nutrients in higher concentrations than other types of soils. To contribute information about micronutrient concentrations available in black earth soils, the distribution and availability of Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn in the archaeological black earth profile from the municipal district of Juruti, Pará State, was evaluated through sequential chemical extractions. The largest concentrations of Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn in the profile are found in the residual fraction. This study showed that the iron, manganese and zinc are preferentially available from the fractions associated with Fe-Mn oxides ranging from 1265.39 to 1818.12 mg kg -1 , 0.83 to 48.51 mg kg -1 and 1.92 to 12.05 mg kg -1 respectively, and the copper from organic matter, ranging from 0.13 to 0.45 mg kg -1 .

A medieval hillfort as an island of extraordinary fertile Archaeological Dark Earth soil in the Czech Republic

“…Total Mn was also twice as high in the hillfort compared to the unfertilized control and all fertilized treatments, which may be due to the deposition of biomass ashes, which can contain approximately from 1 to 3% of Mn (Brais et al, 2015; Kofman, 2016; Zając et al, 2018). Other authors have reported Mn accumulation because of the deposition of animal excrements and organic waste (e.g., Wilson et al, 2008; Mescouto et al, 2011; Vassilev et al, 2013). Among all elements identified in this study, the total content of Mn was most significantly positively correlated with total P ( r = 0.86, p < .001).…”

Elemental signatures of an Amazonian Dark Earth as result of its formation process

“…P persistence in tropical soils is associated to its high specific adsorption capacity onto iron (Fe) and aluminum (Al) oxides (Schaefer et al, 2004;Costa et al, 2017). Concentrations of Ca, Mg, Mn, Zn, and Cu in ADEs are also significantly higher in ADEs than in other Amazonian soils (Mescouto et al, 2011;Glaser and Birk, 2012;Schmidt et al, 2014).…”

Manganese Fractionation in Soils after Application of Municipal Solid Wastes Compost in Two Consecutive Years

“…Nadaska et al [9] studied environmental aspects of manganese using consecutive extraction and believed that this method gave accurate information about origin, occurrence way, bioavailability, potential mobility, and metals transfer in natural environments. Mescouto et al [10] showed that the highest concentration of iron and manganese is associated with residual fraction. Also, this study showed that, in fractions related to iron-manganese oxides, iron and manganese availability was in the range of 1265.139 to 1818.12 mg/kg and 48.51 to 83.0 mg/kg, respectively.…”

“…Mn in the form of organic matter bonded form increased by addition of compost from 0 to 15, 30, and 60 ton/ha at first and second years by 4.7, 23.76, 44.17, and 61.65, 67.26, and 73.54 percent (Figure 2). Mescouto et al [10] studied the distribution and availability of nutrients like Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn according to Tessier consecutive extraction method and found that highest concentrations of nutrients are associated with residual fraction. Zheljazkov and Warman [31] studied the fractionation of Cu, Mn, and Zn in soils after application of two compost types, one resulting from municipal solid waste for sugar beet and basil and the…”