Distribution and chemical coding pattern of somatostatin immunoreactivity in the dorsal striatum of the guinea pig

Wasilewska, B; Robak, Anna; Równiak, Maciej; Bogus‐Nowakowska, Krystyna; Najdzion, Janusz; Żakowski, Witold; Majewski, Mariusz

doi:10.5603/fhc.2011.0093

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 64 publications

(104 reference statements)

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“…Although the functional contribution of the spatial organization of SOM neurons is not well characterized, it is worth noting that SOM neurons appear to mirror PV neurons in overall expression patterns across the striatum. Specifically, SOM neurons are expressed most densely in the ventromedial striatum and least densely in dorsolateral zones (Beal et al, 1983;Wasilewska et al, 2011) but appear to be equally expressed in patch and matrix subzones (Figure 1; Rymar et al, 2004). Recent work (Ribeiro et al, 2018) provides some insight into the role and mechanism of SOM neurons in the ventromedial striatum and/or NAc.…”

Section: Canonical Architecture Of the Striatummentioning

confidence: 99%

A Motivational and Neuropeptidergic Hub: Anatomical and Functional Diversity within the Nucleus Accumbens Shell

Castro

Bruchas

2019

Neuron

215

163

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The mesocorticolimbic pathway is canonically known as the ''reward pathway.'' Embedded within the center of this circuit is the striatum, a massive and complex network hub that synthesizes motivation, affect, learning, cognition, stress, and sensorimotor information. Although striatal subregions collectively share many anatomical and functional similarities, it has become increasingly clear that it is an extraordinarily heterogeneous region. In particular, the nucleus accumbens (NAc) medial shell has repeatedly demonstrated that the rules dictated by more dorsal aspects of the striatum do not apply or are even reversed in functional logic. These discrepancies are perhaps most easily captured when isolating the functions of various neuromodulatory peptide systems within the striatum. Endogenous peptides are thought to play a critical role in modulating striatal signals to either amplify or dampen evoked behaviors. Here we describe the anatomical-functional backdrop upon which several neuropeptides act within the NAc to modulate behavior, with a specific emphasis on nucleus accumbens medial shell and stress responsivity. Additionally, we propose that, as the field continues to dissect fast neurotransmitter systems within the NAc, we must also provide considerable contextual weight to the roles local peptides play in modulating these circuits to more comprehensively understand how this important subregion gates motivated behaviors.

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Section: Canonical Architecture Of the Striatummentioning

confidence: 99%

A Motivational and Neuropeptidergic Hub: Anatomical and Functional Diversity within the Nucleus Accumbens Shell

Castro

Bruchas

2019

Neuron

215

163

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“…It is well established that the quantity and shape of Nissl bodies reflect the degree of metabolic activity and the functional state of neurons. [ 15 ] The number of Nissl‐positive cells in Cx3cr1‐Cre ER T2 /Sting fl/fl mice was significantly higher than that in Sting fl/fl mice (Figure 2f; Figure S2a, Supporting Information). The expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) was significantly reduced in Cx3cr1‐Cre ER T2 /Sting fl/fl mice 7 d after SCI (Figure 2g; Figure S2b, Supporting Information).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytoplasmic Escape of Mitochondrial DNA Mediated by Mfn2 Downregulation Promotes Microglial Activation via cGas‐Sting Axis in Spinal Cord Injury

Wei,

Wang,

Wang

et al. 2023

Advanced Science

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Neuroinflammation is associated with poor outcomes in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI). Recent studies have demonstrated that stimulator of interferon genes (Sting) plays a key role in inflammatory diseases. However, the role of Sting in SCI remains unclear. In the present study, it is found that increased Sting expression is mainly derived from activated microglia after SCI. Interestingly, knockout of Sting in microglia can improve the recovery of neurological function after SCI. Microglial Sting knockout restrains the polarization of microglia toward the M1 phenotype and alleviates neuronal death. Furthermore, it is found that the downregulation of mitofusin 2 (Mfn2) expression in microglial cells leads to an imbalance in mitochondrial fusion and division, inducing the release of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), which mediates the activation of the cGas‐Sting signaling pathway and aggravates inflammatory response damage after SCI. A biomimetic microglial nanoparticle strategy to deliver MASM7 (named MSNs‐MASM7@MI) is established. In vitro, MSNs‐MASM7@MI showed no biological toxicity and effectively delivered MASM7. In vivo, MSNs‐MASM7@MI improves nerve function after SCI. The study provides evidence that cGas‐Sting signaling senses Mfn2‐dependent mtDNA release and that its activation may play a key role in SCI. These findings provide new perspectives and potential therapeutic targets for SCI treatment.

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“…The present study shows large numbers of SST neurons co-expressing NPY (80.07%) and NOS (75.41%). Similarly, 97% and 98% of SST neurons expressed NPY and NOS, respectively, in the guinea pig dorsal striatum [ 101 ]. In the rat striatum, 78.3% of SST neurons also expressed NPY [ 102 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Organization of Somatostatin-Immunoreactive Cells in the Visual Cortex of the Gerbil

et al. 2022

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Somatostatin (SST) is widely expressed in the brain and plays various, vital roles involved in neuromodulation. The purpose of this study is to characterize the organization of SST neurons in the Mongolian gerbil visual cortex (VC) using immunocytochemistry, quantitative analysis, and confocal microscopy. As a diurnal animal, the Mongolian gerbil provides us with a different perspective to other commonly used nocturnal rodent models. In this study, SST neurons were located in all layers of the VC except in layer I; they were most common in layer V. Most SST neurons were multipolar round/oval or stellate cells. No pyramidal neurons were found. Moreover, 2-color immunofluorescence revealed that only 33.50%, 24.05%, 16.73%, 0%, and 64.57% of SST neurons contained gamma-aminobutyric acid, calbindin-D28K, calretinin, parvalbumin, and calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II, respectively. In contrast, neuropeptide Y and nitric oxide synthase were abundantly expressed, with 80.07% and 75.41% in SST neurons, respectively. Our immunocytochemical analyses of SST with D1 and D2 dopamine receptors and choline acetyltransferase, α7 and β2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors suggest that dopaminergic and cholinergic fibers contact some SST neurons. The results showed some distinguishable features of SST neurons and provided some insight into their afferent circuitry in the gerbil VC. These findings may support future studies investigating the role of SST neurons in visual processing.

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Distribution and chemical coding pattern of somatostatin immunoreactivity in the dorsal striatum of the guinea pig

Cited by 4 publications

References 64 publications

A Motivational and Neuropeptidergic Hub: Anatomical and Functional Diversity within the Nucleus Accumbens Shell

A Motivational and Neuropeptidergic Hub: Anatomical and Functional Diversity within the Nucleus Accumbens Shell

Cytoplasmic Escape of Mitochondrial DNA Mediated by Mfn2 Downregulation Promotes Microglial Activation via cGas‐Sting Axis in Spinal Cord Injury

The Organization of Somatostatin-Immunoreactive Cells in the Visual Cortex of the Gerbil

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