Distribution and effect of iodized poppyseed oil in the liver after hepatic artery embolization: experimental study in several animal species.

Abstract

To define the intrahepatic distribution of iodized poppyseed oil and its effect on the liver, hepatic artery embolization (HAE) was performed in five mice, 12 rats, four rabbits, and 21 pigs with the iodized oil alone or in combination with gelatin sponge powder (GSPow) in three rats or gelatin sponge particles (GSPs) in nine pigs. All mice, rats, and rabbits underwent radiography of the upper abdomen and in vivo microscopy of the hepatic periphery during and immediately after injection and 1, 4, and 24 hours later. All pigs underwent angiography before and after HAE as well as measurement of portal venous pressure before HAE and 15, 30, 45, and 60 minutes and 4 weeks after HAE. Follow-up radiographs were obtained in 18 pigs. HAE performed with the iodized oil only was well tolerated by the liver, even when high doses were used, likely because of continuous flushing of the sinusoids by high blood flow from peripheral arterioles. When HAE was performed with the iodized oil and GSPow, this blood flow ceased and necrosis developed. The degree of necrosis after HAE with the iodized oil in combination with GSPs was directly associated with the dose of iodized oil. HAE performed with GSPs only did not cause damage.

Forcible Intraarterial Injection of a Nonadhesive Liquid Embolic Agent under Microballoon Occlusion: Experimental Study in Swine Liver

“…On the other hand, as mentioned above, ethiodized oil injected into the hepatic artery can flow into the portal venules and hepatic sinusoids through PBP but cannot remain in them sufficiently long to induce complete infarction of the liver (10). In this study, this was also reconfirmed.…”

“…It has been speculated that particulate TAE often allows the peripheral portion of the HCC to survive probably due to reversed blood flow from the hepatic sinusoids and/or portal venules surrounding the tumor. A theoretical advantage of using a liquid agent such as ethiodized oil (Lipiodol, Andre Guerbet, Aulnay-sous-Bois, France) for embolization of hypervascular HCCs is its tendency to flow into the peritumoral portal vein or surrounding hepatic sinusoids through the peribiliary plexus (PBP) (3,8,9,10) and drainage routes from the tumor (7). However, the embolization effect of ethiodized oil is often temporary and thus insufficient (3,11).…”

Vascular endothelial growth factor antisense oligodeoxynucleotides with lipiodol in arterial embolization of liver cancer in rats

“…ODNs hepatic artery infusion could increase the concentration in tumor tissue and reduce the dosage and systemic side-effects. When injected to the hepatic artery, lipiodol could stay in tumor tissue for a long time (several months), and could even be absorbed by tumor cells [51,52] . When mixed with lipiodol, the latter could act as a carrier, ODNs would give off slowly from it.…”

Treatment of Intermediate Stage Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Review of Intrahepatic Doxorubicin Drug-Delivery Systems

“…After intrahepatic infusion of LIP into healthy animals (mice, rats, rabbits and pigs), either as a pure oil or emulsified with water, distribution of LIP into the hepatic-vascular system resulted in temporary embolization, local hypoxia and, if the vessels were fully embolized, atrophy of the sinusoids [50,51]. LIP is distributed into the sinusoids and is also shunted to the portal venules, where it accumulates and slows the sinusoidal blood flow [50][51][52]. If the LIP droplets are smaller than the vessel diameter (25-50 μm in rabbits and humans) the droplets can pass through the sinusoids [50].…”