Distribution and elimination of polycyclic musks in three sewage treatment plants of Beijing, China

Occurrence of synthetic musk fragrances in human blood from 11 cities in China

“…As shown in Figure 3, females between 27 and 40 years of age showed lower HHCB concentrations levels than younger or older females. The feature was similar to those reported by Hutter et al [20], that plasma concentrations of HHCB were significantly higher in younger individuals (19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25) years) compared to the older individuals (26-43 years). Nevertheless, we did not find such a similar age-related concentration pattern in the blood of men.…”

“…Zhou et al [22] studied the distribution and elimination of polycyclic musk fragrances in three sewage treatment plants of Beijing. Zeng et al [23,24] detected HHCB and AHTN in sewage sludge, influents, and effluents from wastewater treatment plants of Guangdong province and Shanghai, as well as in sediment from Suzhou Creek [24].…”

Occurrence, distribution and potential affecting factors of antibiotics in sewage sludge of wastewater treatment plants in China

“…In WWTPs, antibiotics were removed mainly through sorption and biodegradation by the activated sludge (Hyland et al, 2012;Jelic et al, 2011;Maeng et al, 2011;Yang et al, 2012). For some antibiotics, especially hydrophobic antibiotics, with their limited mobility and low biodegradation in the sludge, they are prone to adsorb onto sewage sludge and more stable than those in wastewater (Baquero et al, 2008;Cruz Moreno-Bondi et al, 2009;Zhou et al, 2009). Several studies have reported that many antibiotics in wastewater were considerably eliminated by sorption and transported to sewage sludge during sewage treatment (Batt et al, 2007;Beausse, 2004;Escher et al, 2011;Hörsing et al, 2011), indicating that sludge can serve as an important reservoir of antibiotics.…”

Ecological risks of polycyclic musk in soils irrigated with reclaimed municipal wastewater

“…In natural settings, HHCB (1,3,4,6,7,8-hexahydro-4,6,6,7, 8-hexamethylcyclopenta-c-2-benzopyrane) and 1,3,4,4,2,3, are by far the most frequently found compounds in this class of aromachemicals and are present in comparatively the highest concentrations (Hu et al, 2012;Zhou et al, 2009;Zhang et al, 2008;Zeng et al, 2005;Butte, 2004;Fromme et al, 2001). Soils are repositories for fugitive HHCB and AHTN (Litz et al, 2007;Müller et al, 2006;Yang and Metcalfe, 2006).…”

“…During the course of wastewater reclamation, the HHCB and AHTN removals are not complete, generally ranging from 41.7% to 70.1% and 25.5% to 68.8%, respectively in Beijing , and 72% to 98% in USA (Horri et al, 2007). The concentrations of HHCB and AHTN in reclaimed wastewater effluents varied from 157 to 3730 ng/L and 42 to 807 ng/L, respectively in USA and European, and 493 to 1250 and 48 to 286 ng/L in Beijing, China, respectively Zhou et al, 2009). The reclaimed wastewater irrigated soils of public parks in Beijing might be reservoirs for the fugitive HHCB and AHTN.…”