Distribution and environmental correlates of fungal infection and host tree health in the endangered American chestnut in Canada

Drunen, Stephen G. Van; McCune, Jenny L.; Husband, Brian C.

doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2018.05.051

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…Studies on nutrient aspects, processing properties, pest diseases and fungal infection of chestnuts have been reported. 20,21 In our previous study, the pesticide residue levels of chestnuts were investigated, in which 34.1% of all samples contained pesticide residues. 22 THMs contamination in chestnuts was rarely reported.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Risk assessment and prediction for toxic heavy metals in chestnut and growth soil from China

Zheng

et al. 2019

J Sci Food Agric

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BACKGROUND Toxic heavy metals (THMs) cause severe environmental hazards and threaten human health through various consumption of food stuff. However, little is known of THMs in chestnuts. In this study, the risk assessment and prediction of THMs [lead (Pb), arsenic (As), chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd) and mercury (Hg)] in chestnuts and growth soils from China were investigated. RESULTS The main detected THMs in chestnuts and growth soils were As and Cd. The total pollution levels of the five THMs (Nemerow pollution indexes, NPIs) were 0.062 and 1.06, respectively. The dietary risks for children were higher than those of adults, especially short‐term non‐carcinogenic risk. The main combined risks from the relationships between THMs were Pb‐Cr (r = 0.85, P < 0.01) in chestnuts and Pb‐As (r = 0.59, P < 0.01) in growth soils. The risk source was found to be the uptake effect of THMs from soil to chestnut, with the highest bioaccumulation factors (BCFs) of Cd (0.254). Several comprehensive risk models were established with the highest coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.79. In addition, the main contribution rates of different soil parameters to comprehensive risk of THMs uptake were 49.8% (Cd), 23.4% (pH), 13.8% (Cr) and 13.0% (organic carbon). CONCLUSION The total pollution levels of THMs fell outside of the safety domain in growth soils. Furthermore, more attention needs to be paid to Cd pollution owing to its low environment background value and high accumulation ability. Three main soil parameters (Cr content, pH, organic carbon) played important roles in the formations and accumulations of THMs in chestnuts. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…China has become a large country of chestnut cultivation and consumption. Studies on nutrient aspects, processing properties, pest diseases and fungal infection of chestnuts have been reported . In our previous study, the pesticide residue levels of chestnuts were investigated, in which 34.1% of all samples contained pesticide residues .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk assessment and prediction for toxic heavy metals in chestnut and growth soil from China

Zheng

et al. 2019

J Sci Food Agric

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“…Without blight, the population was predicted to have a λ = 1.09 indicating an increase ∼9% per time step, while with blight the population is predicted to have a λ = 0.92 indicating a decrease of ∼8% per time step. The duration of each time step is not known for the study population, but is estimated to extend over multiple years for a similar population in southern Ontario, Canada (∼13 years; Van Drunen et al ., 2018), suggesting extinction of American chestnut throughout the study region could occur in ∼100-200 years…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because of adult mortality caused by chestnut blight, the population dynamics of American chestnut are likely not currently strongly influenced by pollen and seed dispersal, or seedling recruitment, and the probability of occurrence in many areas (including the southwestern historical range limit) is probably highest within or adjacent to intact forests that have persisted since the arrival of blight ( e.g., >50 years) with relatively low disturbance (Paillet, 1988; 2002; Fei et al ., 2007; Griscom and Griscom, 2012; Gustafson et al ., 2017). The frequency and intensity of C. parasitica affliction also plays a role in the occurrence and persistence of chestnut, and environmental variation over relatively small scales might strongly influence blight affliction (Van Drunen et al ., 2018). Thus, model construction using relatively small environmental layer “buffers” around each occurrence point may more accurately capture the environmental covariates of C. dentata occurrence and persistence over the last several decades.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental niche and demographic modeling of American chestnut near its southwestern range limit

Laport

Brookover

Christman

et al. 2021

Preprint

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The inadvertent introduction and rapid spread of chestnut blight (caused by Cryphonectria parasitica (Murr.) Barr) in the early 20th century resulted in the demise of American chestnut (Castanea dentata (Marsh.) Borkh.; Fagaceae) as a major component of forest canopies and had negative impacts on eastern forest communities. Research efforts over the last century have documented the persistence of occasional trees and root crown/stump sprouts throughout much of the historic range of the species providing the basis for ongoing breeding of blight-resistant stock and restoration efforts. Unfortunately, it remains unclear how much of the historic range remains climatically suitable for remnant trees that may harbor unique genetic variation for successful reintroduction efforts. Here we investigate whether the southwestern portion of the historical range remains environmentally suitable for undiscovered remnant populations of C. dentata using environmental niche modeling. We also use stage-structured matrix projection models to investigate the potential demographic future of C. dentata in W Tennessee, N Mississippi, SW Kentucky, and NW Alabama based upon observations of American chestnut in these areas over the last several decades. We found that suitable habitat associated with higher elevations and areas of high forest canopy cover occurs throughout much of southwestern portion of the historical range and that populations of American chestnut in these areas are predicted to drastically decline over the next ~100-200 years without conservation interventions to mitigate the negative consequences of chestnut blight.

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“…Many abiotic factors can work to either strengthen or weaken a host's defence during pathogenic attack (Anagnostakis, ; van Drunen, McCune, & Husband, ; Gomez & Aragoncillo, ). With chestnut blight, various abiotic factors affect the severity of the disease in Castanea species, even in the more blight‐tolerant Asian species (Turchetti & Maresi, ).…”

Section: Biotic and Abiotic Environmental Factors Potentially Affectimentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms and metabolomics of the host–pathogen interactions between Chestnut (Castaneaspecies) and Chestnut blight (Cryphonectria parasitica)

Lovat

Donnelly

2019

Forest Pathology

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Chestnut blight is a stem‐girdling disease of Castanea caused by the fungal pathogen Cryphonectria parasitica. Chestnut blight affects all Castanea species to some degree. In Asian species, chestnut blight is a commercially relevant disease which primarily affects nut production. In American and European species, chestnut blight has caused significant declines in wild populations and continues to negatively affect nut production in the European chestnut (C. sativa). Despite the profound effect of this disease in the Castanea genus, very little is known concerning the factors involved in the host–pathogen interaction between C. parasitica and its Castanea hosts. This review summarizes information on known mechanisms and metabolites involved in the host–pathogen interaction and contributes original information on the pathogen in relation to susceptible and putatively resistant genotypes with a view to furthering research that will promote a better understanding of this devastating disease and enable its control.

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Distribution and environmental correlates of fungal infection and host tree health in the endangered American chestnut in Canada

Cited by 8 publications

References 58 publications

Risk assessment and prediction for toxic heavy metals in chestnut and growth soil from China

Risk assessment and prediction for toxic heavy metals in chestnut and growth soil from China

Environmental niche and demographic modeling of American chestnut near its southwestern range limit

Mechanisms and metabolomics of the host–pathogen interactions between Chestnut (Castaneaspecies) and Chestnut blight (Cryphonectria parasitica)

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