Distribution and impacts of invasive earthworms in Canadian forest ecosystems

Addison, J.A.

doi:10.1007/s10530-008-9320-4

Cited by 115 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 75 publications

(112 reference statements)

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“…Endogeic species burrow through the top soil horizon; their physical effects on ecosystem ecology are greater than epigeic worms but less than anecic worms. Anecic earthworms penetrate deep into the soil, transporting surface litter into the mineral layer (Addison 2008) and increasing soil porosity and water infiltration (Anderson 1988). Removal of leaf litter and deposition of casts on the soil surface by anecic earthworms can also increase soil erosion and nutrient run-off (Edwards and Bohlen 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Earthworms can accelerate litter decomposition , Suárez et al 2006, Holdsworth et al 2007a, 2007b, Addison 2008) and reduce plant species richness , Holdsworth et al 2007a, 2007b. Suárez et al (2006) found that litter remaining in earthworm-invaded areas in New York was 30-60% less than in reference plots.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most studies of exotic earthworms have occurred in temperate regions , Suárez et al 2006, Holdsworth et al 2007a, 2007b, Addison 2008; less is known about the distribution and effects of earthworms in subarctic boreal forests (Cameron et al 2007, Cameron and Bayne 2009, Sanderson et al 2012. In northern Alberta, Cameron et al (2007) found boat launches and roads had the highest probability of earthworm occurrence.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As for most invasive species, human activities, particularly road construction and unintentional transport, likely increase the rate of spread for exotic earthworms above their natural dispersal rate of 5-10 meters a year (Gundale et al 2005, Addison 2008). Consequently, exotic earthworms more likely occur near roads due to availability of habitats disturbed by road construction and maintenance that allow for potential establishment, as well as the creation of dispersal corridors (Cameron et al 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Earthworms are usually associated with soil pH of 5-7.4, although D. octaedra inhabits soil pH as low as 2.8-3.6, and L. rubellus has been found in areas with pH ≥ 3.0 (Addison 2008). Survival of earthworms in low temperature areas depends on the species and stage of development (Greiner et al 2011, Meshcheryakova et al 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Distribution and abundance of exotic earthworms within a boreal forest system in southcentral Alaska

Bowser

Morton²,

Lang³

et al. 2016

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Little is known about exotic earthworms (Oligochaeta: Lumbricidae) in Alaska outside its southeastern panhandle. This study documents the distribution of exotic earthworms in the relatively undisturbed Kenai National Wildlife Refuge (KNWR), a large, primarily wilderness refuge in southcentral Alaska. We sampled 69 sites near boat launches, along road corridors, and in low human impact areas > 5 km from the road, finding three species of earthworms (Dendrobaena octaedra, Dendrodrilus rubidus, and Lumbricus terrestris). Most road sites (90%) and boat launches (80%) contained earthworms; half (50%) of low human impact sites contained earthworms. Distance to roads was the only significant factor in predicting earthworm occurrence; soil pH, soil moisture, leaf litter depth, and vegetation cover were not. The disparate distributions of these three species suggest that within the KNWR road construction and vehicle traffic played a role in dispersal of the widespread, abundant Dendrobaena octaedra and uncommon Dendrodrilus rubidus; bait abandonment appeared to be the primary method of introduction of Lumbricus terrestris. While the distribution of harmful anecic earthworms in KNWR is currently limited, the prohibition of Lumbricus spp. as bait within conservation units in Alaska may be warranted.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Distribution and abundance of exotic earthworms within a boreal forest system in southcentral Alaska

Bowser

Morton²,

Lang³

et al. 2016

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Predictive mapping to identify refuges for plant communities threatened by earthworm invasion

Fleri

Arcese

2021

Ecol Sol and Evidence

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1. Biological invasions by cryptic ecosystem engineers can alter the ecological and socio-economic values of ecosystems in ways that may take decades to detect.The invasion of North American glacial refuges by non-native earthworms offers a prominent but understudied example of a cryptic invasion. Non-native earthworms are known to alter carbon sequestration, disrupt mycorrhizal networks and homogenize plant communities, but natural resource managers still lack robust protocols to identify and safeguard high conservation value communities (HCVCs) from such invasions. In the absence of such protocols, or reliable methods to eradicate nonnative earthworm populations once established, there is an urgent need for methods to identify HCVCs at risk of or potentially shielded from earthworm invasion by the existence of abiotic barriers to their dispersal or persistence in such sites.2. We developed species distribution models (SDMs) using in situ field surveys and remotely sensed data to (1) identify factors limiting the occurrence of non-native Lumbricus earthworms in imperilled coastal Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) forest and Garry oak (Quercus garryana) and maritime meadow ecosystems endemic to glacial refugia of the Pacific Northwest of North America and to (2) evaluate their influence on plant species diversity and identify abiotic factors capable of preventing their dispersal or persistence at a site.3. As predicted, shallow, drier soils and steeper terrain limited earthworm occurrence and abundance in our highly heterogeneous study area, and earthworm presence appeared to reduce plant species richness. Our results indicated that HCVCs endemic to shallow-soil (< 12 ± 3 cm) sites that experience regular summer drought appear to act as refuges from invasion by non-native earthworms. Our results also elevate concerns for the conservation of deep-soil habitats not isolated from earthworm invasions by shallow soil, saltwater or other barriers to earthworm dispersal. 4. The SDMs developed here offer guidance to the identification of potential refuges for the conservation of imperilled native species and communities from the detrimental effects non-native earthworms in glacial refugia of western North America and should thereby facilitate proactive planning by conservation practitioners.This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Fungal ecology in boreal forest ecosystems

Lindahl

Clemmensen

2016

Molecular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis

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Distribution and impacts of invasive earthworms in Canadian forest ecosystems

Cited by 115 publications

References 75 publications

Distribution and abundance of exotic earthworms within a boreal forest system in southcentral Alaska

Distribution and abundance of exotic earthworms within a boreal forest system in southcentral Alaska

Predictive mapping to identify refuges for plant communities threatened by earthworm invasion

Fungal ecology in boreal forest ecosystems

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