Distribution and Interference of Common Milkweed (<i>Asclepias syriaca</i>) in Nebraska

Cramer, Gary; Burnside, O. C.

doi:10.1017/s0043174500040807

Cited by 22 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…from early June to mid September (Urquhart 1960;Borkin 1982). Milkweed is commonly found in corn fields and adjacent non-cultivated habitats where it is a food plant for monarch larvae (Cramer and Burnside 1982;Bhowmik 1994;Yenish et al 1997;Hartzler and Buhler 2000;L.C. Hansen, unpublished data).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Field deposition of Bt transgenic corn pollen: lethal effects on the monarch butterfly

2000

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We present the first evidence that transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) corn pollen naturally deposited on Asclepias syriaca; common milkweed, in a corn field causes significant mortality of Danaus plexippus L. (Lepidoptera: Danaidae) larvae. Larvae feeding for 48 h on A. syriaca plants naturally dusted with pollen from Bt corn plants suffered significantly higher rates of mortality at 48 h (20±3%) compared to larvae feeding on leaves with no pollen (3±3%), or feeding on leaves with non-Bt pollen (0%). Mortality at 120 h of D. plexippus larvae exposed to 135 pollen grains/cm(2) of transgenic pollen for 48 h ranged from 37 to 70%. We found no sub-lethal effects on D. plexippus adults reared from larvae that survived a 48-h exposure to three concentrations of Bt pollen. Based on our quantification of the wind dispersal of this pollen beyond the edges of agricultural fields, we predict that the effects of transgenic pollen on D. plexippus may be observed at least 10 m from transgenic field borders. However, the highest larval mortality will likely occur on A. syriaca plants in corn fields or within 3 m of the edge of a transgenic corn field. We conclude that the ecological effects of transgenic insecticidal crops need to be evaluated more fully before they are planted over extensive areas.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Field deposition of Bt transgenic corn pollen: lethal effects on the monarch butterfly

2000

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“…This is especially harmful to common milkweed, A. syriaca. Although D. plexippus caterpillars are able to feed on at least thirty species of milkweed 14 , currently the most important host species for D. plexippus in their summer breeding grounds is A. syriaca 15 , likely because of its former abundance in agricultural fields 16, 17 .…”

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confidence: 99%

Monarch butterfly and milkweed declines substantially predate the use of genetically modified crops

Boyle

Dalgleish

Puzey

2018

Preprint

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7Monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus) decline over the past 25 years has received 8 considerable public and scientific attention, in large part because its decline, and that of its 9 milkweed (Asclepias spp.) host plant, have been linked to genetically modified (GM) crops 10 and the associated herbicide use. Therefore, the monarch has emerged as a poster child for 11 the anti-GM movement. Here we use museum and herbaria specimens to extend our 12 knowledge of the dynamics of both monarchs and milkweeds in the United States to more 13 than a century, from 1900-2016. We show that monarch population trends closely follow 14 those of their milkweed hosts; that both monarchs and milkweeds increased during the 15 early 20th century, and that recent declines are actually part of a much longer term decline 16 in both monarchs and milkweed beginning around 1950. Herbicide resistant crops, 17 therefore, are clearly not the only culprit, and likely not even the primary culprit, as these 18 declines began decades before GM crops were introduced. 19

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“…Such species include Common Milkweed (Asclepias syriaca L.). Common Milkweed (Asclepias syriaca L., Asclepiadaceae) is a dicotyledonous perennial weed, native to Canada, north, central north-eastern and south-eastern United States (Bhowmik & Bandeen 1976;Cramer & Burnside 1982). The species is characterised by erect stems with large leathery leaves and well-marked pink flowers.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Asclepias syriaca reproduces by seed and by adventitious buds on its roots (Bhowmik & Bandeen 1976;Valachovič 1989Valachovič , 1991. The species was introduced to Europe from the eastern part of Northern America as an ornamental plant in the 19 th century (Bhowmik & Bandeen 1976;Cramer & Burnside 1982). Medvecká et al (2012) state that the first occurrence of this taxon in Slovakia was in 1917.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…The species can cause yield losses to farmers. Many authors have previously studied the biology and distribution of this species in the world (Bhowmik 1978;Bhowmik & Bandeen 1976;Cramer & Burnside 1982;Campbell 1984;Hartzler & Buhler 2000;Csontos et al 2009 and others); as well as in Slovakia Ružička (1952), Valachovič (1987Valachovič ( , 1988Valachovič ( , 1989Valachovič ( , 1991 …”

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confidence: 99%

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Structure and Population Dynamics of Asclepias Syriaca L. In the Agricultural Land

Pauková¹,

Káderová²,

Bakay³

2013

Agriculture (Pol'nohospodárstvo)

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This paper evaluates the selected population-biological characteristics and size structure of invasive neophyte Asclepias syriaca in three habitat types (abandoned vineyards, grassland and road side) in the district of Veľký Krtíš in Central Slovakia. Three permanent research plots (1 m × 1 m) were established and monitored during the growing season in 2012. The density of the population at the end of the growing season ranged from 15 to 29 stems per m2. The greatest average plant height was recorded in the roadside plot (129 cm) and the lowest in the abandoned vineyard (92 cm). Main stem thickness reached 1.5-2.0 cm at the base. The highest number of main stem leaves was recorded at the end of June and July (from 24 to 27). The number of inflorescences varied from 1.6 to 3.4 and the number of fruits ranged from 1.2 to 3.8 per generative stem. Statistically significant differences were found in the plant height, thickness of the main stem and the number of fruits at the three different locations.

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Distribution and Interference of Common Milkweed (Asclepias syriaca) in Nebraska

Cited by 22 publications

References 4 publications

Field deposition of Bt transgenic corn pollen: lethal effects on the monarch butterfly

Field deposition of Bt transgenic corn pollen: lethal effects on the monarch butterfly

Monarch butterfly and milkweed declines substantially predate the use of genetically modified crops

Structure and Population Dynamics of Asclepias Syriaca L. In the Agricultural Land

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