Distribution and morphology of corticospinal tract neurons in reeler mouse cortex by the retrograde HRP method

Terashima, Toshio; Inoue, Yoshiro; Inoue, Kaoru; Mikoshiba, Katsuhiko; Tsukada, Yasuzo

doi:10.1002/cne.902180307

Cited by 85 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…To elucidate the relationship between dendritic abnormalities and the ectopic position of layer V pyramidal neurons, we analysed the morphologies of layer V neurons in reeler;YFP-H mice. We observed an abnormal orientation of apical dendrites of layer V neurons, similar to previous reports (Terashima et al, 1983). Importantly, layer V pyramidal neurons preserved pyramidal morphology in the cerebral cortex of reeler mice, despite their ectopic localisation (see Fig.…”

Section: Lack Of Cdk5 Results In Abnormal Dendrites Of Layer V Neuronssupporting

confidence: 76%

Cdk5 is required for multipolar-to-bipolar transition during radial neuronal migration and proper dendrite development of pyramidal neurons in the cerebral cortex

et al. 2007

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The mammalian cerebral cortex consists of six layers that are generated via coordinated neuronal migration during the embryonic period. Recent studies identified specific phases of radial migration of cortical neurons. After the final division, neurons transform from a multipolar to a bipolar shape within the subventricular zone-intermediate zone (SVZ-IZ) and then migrate along radial glial fibres. Mice lacking Cdk5 exhibit abnormal corticogenesis owing to neuronal migration defects. When we introduced GFP into migrating neurons at E14.5 by in utero electroporation, we observed migrating neurons in wild-type but not in Cdk5 -/-embryos after 3-4 days. Introduction of the dominant-negative form of Cdk5 into the wild-type migrating neurons confirmed specific impairment of the multipolar-to-bipolar transition within the SVZ-IZ in a cell-autonomous manner. Cortex-specific Cdk5 conditional knockout mice showed inverted layering of the cerebral cortex and the layer V and callosal neurons, but not layer VI neurons, had severely impaired dendritic morphology. The amount of the dendritic protein Map2 was decreased in the cerebral cortex of Cdk5-deficient mice, and the axonal trajectory of cortical neurons within the cortex was also abnormal. These results indicate that Cdk5 is required for proper multipolar-to-bipolar transition, and a deficiency of Cdk5 results in abnormal morphology of pyramidal neurons. In addition, proper radial neuronal migration generates an inside-out pattern of cerebral cortex formation and normal axonal trajectories of cortical pyramidal neurons.

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Section: Lack Of Cdk5 Results In Abnormal Dendrites Of Layer V Neuronssupporting

confidence: 76%

Cdk5 is required for multipolar-to-bipolar transition during radial neuronal migration and proper dendrite development of pyramidal neurons in the cerebral cortex

et al. 2007

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“…Those investigators who have used this method have focused, in large part, on comparing labeled cell types in normal and mutant mice. 22 To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first to describe the overall pattern of labeling of corticospinal tract neurons in the mouse. In contrast, the corticospinal tract has been well studied in the rat.…”

Section: Corticospinal Tractmentioning

confidence: 79%

Organization of the Mouse Motor Cortex Studied by Retrograde Tracing and Intracortical Microstimulation (ICMS) Mapping

Waters²

1991

Can. j. neurol. sci.

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ABSTRACT:The motor representation of the body musculature was studied in 11 adult mice by using ICMS. The motor responses elicited from both granular and agranular cortical fields showed that the mouse motor cortex is topographically organized; however, within the representation of individual body-parts the movements are multiply represented. In addition, several sites were encountered where more than one movement was elicited at the same stimulus threshold. The locations of pyramidal cells contributing axons to the pyramidal tract were examined by means of retrograde tracing with HRP injected into the cervical enlargement. This procedure labeled neurons only in lamina V in granular and agranular cortical fields. The similarities between the organization of motor cortex demonstrated in this study and the organization in the rat suggest that the rat and mouse share a common plan of rodent motor cortical organization. RESUME: Etude de I'organisation du cortex moteur de la souris par tracage retrograde et cartographic par microstimulation intracorticale (MSIC). La representation motrice de la musculature corporelle a 6t6 etudiee chez 11 souris adultes au moyen de la MSIC. Les reponses motrices elicitees a partir des champs corticaux de cellules granuleuses et non-granuleuses ont montre que le cortex moteur de la souris a une organisation topographique; cependant, la representation des mouvements est multiple au sein de la representation de parties individuelles du corps. De plus, plusieurs sites ont 6te repeY6s ou plus d'un mouvement etaient provoques pour un meme seuil de stimulation. La localisation des cellules pyramidales contribuant des axones au faisceau pyramidal a ete examinee au moyen du tracage retrograde en injectant du HRP dans le renflement cervical. Cette technique marquait seulement les neurones de la coucheV dans les champs corticaux granuleux et agranuleux. Les similitudes entre I'organisation du cortex moteur d6montr6es par cette etude et I'organisation chez le rat suggerent que le rat et la souris ont un plan commun d'organisation motrice corticale en tant que rongeurs. Can. J. Neurol. Sci. 199J; 18: 28-38The functional organization of the motor cortex in rat has been extensively studied 1 * 6 by systematically sampling a large number of cortical sites using intracortical microstimulation (ICMS), a technique developed by Asanuma and colleagues. These maps of motor cortex describe a complete representation of movements for all body parts. Often the results of these studies were related to the cytoarchitecture of the region studied. Although some ambiguities remain concerning the definition of primary motor cortex, the size and location of individual body part representations, and the extent of cytoarchitectonic boundaries, these studies have established some general parameters of motor organization of rat cortex.In contrast, knowledge of the functional organization of mouse motor cortex lags considerably behind that of the rat even though the mouse somatosensory cortex and the barrel field in part...

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“…In fact, the inversion of the normal histogenetic gradient is found to a limited extent in the somatosensory cortex, whereas a considerable radial intermixing of different cortical populations is characteristic of the frontal areas (Terashima et al, 1983;Inoue et al, 1991;Polleux et al, 1998). Indeed, Cux-1 IR, a marker of layer IV in the adult somatosensory cortex is grossly inverted in Reeler, although a normal layering is not observed.…”

Section: Cux-1 and Cux-2 Expression In Reeler Cortexmentioning

confidence: 94%

Expression of Cux‐1 and Cux‐2 in the developing somatosensory cortex of normal and barrel‐defective mice

et al. 2006

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Recently, two orthologues of the Drosophila homeobox Cut gene, Cux-1 and Cux-2, have been identified as restricted molecular markers of upper layer (II-IV) neurons in the murine cerebral cortex. We show that during early postnatal life, from P0 to P10, Cux-1 and Cux-2 mRNA are coexpressed in all primary sensory cortices. Antisera to Cux-1 and Cux-2 immunoreactivities preferentially label neurons in the barrel walls of the primary somatosensory cortex (S1). Subsequently, Cux-1 remains enriched in sensory cortices, whereas Cux-2 expression enlarges to comprise the frontal and insular areas. The laminar distribution of Cux-1 and Cux-2 differs: Cux-1 follows a layer IV to layer II decreasing gradient of expression, whereas Cux-2 expression is homogeneous across layers IV-II. No colocalization was found with GABA and birth dating experiments showed that Cux-1-positive neurons in layer IV are born during a restricted period, E13.5-E14.5, suggesting that Cux-1 is a useful molecular marker of the glutamatergic neurons of layer IV. We examined Cux-1 and Cux-2 in barrel-defective mouse strains, the VMAT2 KO, the MAOA KO, and the Adcyl 1 brl strain. A normal expression level of Cux-1 and Cux-2 was found in layer IV, despite the lack of segregation of the neurons as barrels. Conversely, in Reeler mice, Cux-1 and Cux-2 had a distinct laminar distribution: the Cux-1-positive neurons had an inverted deep localization, whereas the Cux-2-positive neurons were distributed throughout the cortical thickness, suggesting that Cux-2 expression is more widely expressed in the inverted cortex of reeler mutants. Our results indicate that Cux-1 is a useful marker of the layer IV neurons in S1, and that Cux-1 and Cux-2 are differently regulated in the upper layers of the cerebral cortex.

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Distribution and morphology of corticospinal tract neurons in reeler mouse cortex by the retrograde HRP method

Cited by 85 publications

References 30 publications

Cdk5 is required for multipolar-to-bipolar transition during radial neuronal migration and proper dendrite development of pyramidal neurons in the cerebral cortex

Cdk5 is required for multipolar-to-bipolar transition during radial neuronal migration and proper dendrite development of pyramidal neurons in the cerebral cortex

Organization of the Mouse Motor Cortex Studied by Retrograde Tracing and Intracortical Microstimulation (ICMS) Mapping

Expression of Cux‐1 and Cux‐2 in the developing somatosensory cortex of normal and barrel‐defective mice

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