Distribution and transport of polychlorinated biphenyls in Little Lake Butte des Morts, Fox River, Wisconsin, April 1987-October 1988

House, Leo B.

doi:10.3133/ofr9331

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…However, PCB sediment levels decline slowly, with a rate constant of 0.16 year −1 [2], making it unlikely that 10‐ to 100‐fold differences in contaminant levels among the sites would dramatically change over the two‐year study. Levels of PCBs and heavy metals were not measured in water samples, but these levels usually are positively correlated with levels in underlying sediment [29,30].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Field exposure of frog embryos and tadpoles along a pollution gradient in the Fox River and Green Bay ecosystem in Wisconsin, USA

Karasov

Jung

Langenberg

et al. 2005

Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry

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We raised embryos and tadpoles of green frogs (Rana clamitans melanota) and leopard frogs (R. pipiens) in situ along a contamination gradient in the Fox River/Green Bay ecosystem (WI, USA). Differences in exposure were reflected by significant positive regressions between concentrations in sediment and in frogs of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners and some heavy metals (Cd, Cr, and Pb), which could have predictive value for estimating exposure of amphibians to contaminants in this ecosystem and, perhaps, in others. On average, non-ortho-substituted coplanar PCBs made up a very small percentage (average, 0.2%) of the PCB congeners in all samples analyzed, with larger fractions accounted for by mono- and di-ortho congeners (average, 19%) and routine congeners (average, 81%). Hatchability of frog embryo batches and anuran species richness at the sites were negatively correlated with level of contamination, but tadpole growth and survival were not. Sediment and tissue levels of PCBs and metals generally were correlated with each other, confounding the association of effects on frogs with any particular contaminant. It is also plausible that high levels of un-ionized ammonia (NH3) reduced hatching success of green frog, but not leopard frog, embryos in the field enclosures. Other environmental factors that were present but unmeasured in the field, such as ultraviolet-B radiation as well as water flow and level fluctuations, might have caused differences in hatching success at the field sites.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Field exposure of frog embryos and tadpoles along a pollution gradient in the Fox River and Green Bay ecosystem in Wisconsin, USA

Karasov

Jung

Langenberg

et al. 2005

Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry

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“…A similar underestimate is also expected for the tissue residues of PCDDs and PCDFs. According to our PCB data, bioaccumulation factors (ratios of PCBs in frogs/PCBs in environmental compartment) are in the range of 0.00025 to 0.0175 for frogs compared with sediment, 21.25 to 292 for frogs collected from sites in the Fox River compared with Fox River water (130 ng/L in 1987), and 17.5 to 135 for frogs collected from sites in Green Bay compared with Green Bay water (Ͻ40 ng/L in 1987) [25][26][27].…”

Section: Hypothesis Imentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure of northern leopard frogs in the green bay ecosystem to polychlorinated biphenyls, polychlorinated dibenzo—p‐dioxins, and polychlorinated dibenzofurans is measured by direct chemistry but not hepatic ethoxyresorufin—o‐deethylase activity

Huang¹,

Karasov²,

Patnode³

et al. 1999

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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We measured concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) in northern leopard frogs collected from the Green Bay ecosystem and explored the catalytic activity of hepatic cytochrome P450-associated monooxygenase (P450 enzyme) as a biomarker for exposure to aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) agonists. The two hypotheses tested were PCH concentrations in northern leopard frogs would be positively correlated with sediment polychlorinated hydrocarbon (PCH) levels in wetland habitats along a contamination gradient and hepatic ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity of northern leopard frogs, which is presumably mediated by aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), would be positively correlated with PCH concentrations in frog carcasses (whole body minus liver) from different collection sites. In 1994 to 1995, frogs from seven sites along the lower Fox River and Green Bay, USA, were assayed for hepatic EROD activities and whole carcass concentrations of PCBs, PCDDs, and PCDFs. Tissue total PCB concentrations ranging from 3 to 154 ng/g were significantly correlated with sediment PCB levels. Only one PCDD and two PCDFs at concentrations of 6 to 8 pg/g were found in the frogs collected from one of the sites. The EROD activity in frogs ranging from 186 to 270 pmol/min/mg protein was not significantly correlated with frog body weight and was similar among sites except for Peter's Marsh. No significant correlation was found between EROD activity and carcass PCB concentration. This result was consistent with the fact that the frogs collected from the Green Bay ecosystem had relatively low PCB concentrations compared with what was required for induction in the laboratory (ED50 for EROD is between 700 and 2,300 ng/g).

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“…1989, Zug 1993. PCB concentrations in Fox River water are highest in summer months (House 1995) when many amphibians breed, including the green frog (/?ana clamitans melanota) which we studied. Green frog eggs are laid at the water surface, and tadpoles are often in close contact with sediments and ingest organic particulate matter (detritus) including fine sediments and phytoplankton to which PCBs readily partition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The potential influence of environmental pollution on amphibian development and decline

Jung¹

1996

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Distribution and transport of polychlorinated biphenyls in Little Lake Butte des Morts, Fox River, Wisconsin, April 1987-October 1988

Cited by 6 publications

References 4 publications

Field exposure of frog embryos and tadpoles along a pollution gradient in the Fox River and Green Bay ecosystem in Wisconsin, USA

Field exposure of frog embryos and tadpoles along a pollution gradient in the Fox River and Green Bay ecosystem in Wisconsin, USA

Exposure of northern leopard frogs in the green bay ecosystem to polychlorinated biphenyls, polychlorinated dibenzo—p‐dioxins, and polychlorinated dibenzofurans is measured by direct chemistry but not hepatic ethoxyresorufin—o‐deethylase activity

The potential influence of environmental pollution on amphibian development and decline

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