Alpine scrubs (Roso pendulinae-Pinetea mugo) and dwarf heaths (Loiseleurio
procumbentis-Vaccinietea) are an exceptional assemblage of rich floristic
units which contribute significantly to the overall diversity on the Balkan
Peninsula. The main edificators of these types of habitats are mostly
glacial relicts. Additionally, they are of the arctic, alpine, and boreal
distribution types, which further emphasises their importance from the
conservation point of view. We investigated their taxonomic richness,
endemism, patterns of spatial distribution and diversification in the
central Balkans as well as their coenotic composition using a comprehensive
dataset (15,609 species occurrence data). The analyses were conducted at
three hierarchical levels taking into account the ecological and geographic
diversity of the alpine scrubs and dwarf heaths in the study area. The
results obtained showed that in the alpine scrubs and dwarf heaths of the
central Balkans 902 taxa (829 species and 73 subspecies) had been recorded,
and that the proportion of endemics in these habitats is extremely high (ca.
22%). Our results further showed that in 180 randomly selected plots of
medium size (? 10 and < 100 m2), the registered regional floristic richness
for the unique sample size was 527 species, placing the alpine region of the
Balkan Peninsula in second place among the richest alpine regions in the
world. Moreover, significant regional differences in species composition
were observed within the research area, with floristic richness and
diversity increasing from north to south.