Distribution of activity of hydrolytic enzymes in the digestive tract of rabbits

Marounek, M.; Vovk, S. J.; Skřivanová, V.

doi:10.1079/bjn19950048

Cited by 98 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Our results showed that availability of pancreatic amylase and lipase for substrates in the small intestine increased with age, which is in agreement with the age increase of their activities previously described in the pancreas Dojanȃ et al, 1998;Debray et al, 2003). The increase in amylase activity probably results from the higher starch intake with age (Marounek et al, 1995;Scapinello et al, 1999), and should correspond to an increasing capability of rabbits to digest starch. Conversely, in our study, the increasing lipase activity with age was not parallel to crude fat intake, which sharply decreased at weaning (from milk having 9% to 16% lipids to solid vegetal feed with 3% to 5% lipids).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Adaptability of the digestive function according to age at weaning in the rabbit: I. Effect on feed intake and digestive functionality

Gallois

Huërou‐Luron

Fortun-Lamothe

et al. 2008

Animal

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The functional adaptability of the digestive system to the level of feed intake was investigated in the young rabbits by comparing two groups of 12 litters each, weaned at 21 (W21) or 35 (W35) days of age. From 14 days onwards, rabbits were fed a pelleted feed (NDF: 332 g/kg, CP: 177 g/kg, starch: 98 g/kg, as-fed basis). Until 49 days of age, the profile of digestive enzymes was weekly determined in the small intestinal content and mucosa, as well as caecal fermentation traits and fibrolytic activities. In the W21 group, the solid feed intake was increased by 57% between 21 and 35 days (P , 0.01), while the daily body growth was lower from 21 till 42 days (217%, P , 0.05) when compared with the W35 group. Activities of enzymes of pancreatic origin were only scarcely influenced by the weaning age. In the W21 group, amylase activity tended to be lower at 28 days of age (236%, P 5 0.064), and trypsin activity was decreased by 31% at 49 days of age (P , 0.01). Lipase activity was similar in both weaning groups. Duodenal and jejunal activities of maltase and aminopeptidase N (APN) were higher on day 28 in the W21 group as compared with the W35 group (31.4 to 32.4, respectively, P , 0.05). On day 35, duodenal APN activity was twice as higher in the W21 group than in the W35 group (P , 0.01). In caecum, major differences between both weaning groups were observed at 28 days of age with a decrease in ammonia concentration (243%, P , 0.01) in W21 compared with W35 rabbits. Conversely, the acetate proportion was 5% higher in the W21 group (P , 0.01) on day 28. In conclusion, the digestive tract of early-weaned rabbits showed some adaptative properties in response to nutritional environment changes, but they were insufficient to maintain their growth rate.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Adaptability of the digestive function according to age at weaning in the rabbit: I. Effect on feed intake and digestive functionality

Gallois

Huërou‐Luron

Fortun-Lamothe

et al. 2008

Animal

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“…Greater enzymatic activity for degrading pectins and hemicelluloses than for degrading cellulose has been detected in the rabbit caecal ecosystem (Marounek et al, 1995;Jehl and Gidenne, 1996). Accordingly, the digestion of hemicelluloses is higher than that of cellulose (Table 3), and smaller counts of cellulolytic bacteria were found in the rabbit caecum compared with xylanolytic or pectinolytic bacteria (Boulahrouf et al, 1991).…”

Section: Brief Overview Of Polymers Of the Plant Cell Wall: Definitiomentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary fibres in the nutrition of the growing rabbit and recommendations to preserve digestive health: a review

Gidenne

2015

Animal

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The importance of dietary fibre fractions in animal feeding is due to its influence on the rate of passage, mucosal functionality and its role as substrate for gut microbiota that relates to performance and digestive health. The complexity of the physical structure and chemical composition of polysaccharides in plant cell walls explains the wide and different physiological effects of this large range of fibre fractions. Our review will first briefly consider the definition and structure of the different classes of fibres and of cell wall constituents, followed by a description of some analytical methods employed for monogastric feeds. Second, the nutritional role and impact of fibre intake on digestive health will be described for the growing rabbit with an extensive analysis of previous studies performed without antibiotics. The fibres in rabbit feed are essential for reducing the risk of digestive trouble after weaning, and the requirements are defined in terms of the quantity and quality of the fibre fractions as follows: a minimal dietary level of lignocellulose 'ADF' (18%) and lignins (>5%), balanced with a maximum quantity of digestible fibres 'DgF' (ratio DgF/ADF below 1.3). Soluble fibres, defined as the difference between total dietary fibre and NDF, are quickly fermented and digested by the rabbit. However, their impact on digestive health is still questioned.Keywords: dietary fibres, definition, nutrition, digestive health, rabbit Implications Post-weaning mortality from digestive troubles still remains a key problem in conventional breeding of rabbits. Dietary fibres recover more than 50% of feed for the growing rabbit. New criteria for fibre analysis in feeds were developed, and were related in several recent studies with the digestive physiology of rabbits and risk of digestive troubles. The present review aims to summarise these results through an extensive analysis of the literature. We also propose practical recommendation for fibre requirements in the feed of the growing rabbit to preserve the digestive health. IntroductionThe concepts on dietary fibres historically differ in animal feeding from those developed in human nutrition. For the latter, this is a rather modern concept, mainly developed in the 1960s (Hippsley, 1953) in order to deal with several pathologies (colorectal cancer, obesity, etc.), regularly revisited (Trowell, 1978;De Vries, 1999;Elleuch et al., 2011) and often restricted to the polysaccharides of the plant cell wall of fruits and legumes. In contrast, animal nutritionists deal with other 'less-refined' fibre sources, often from whole plants (forages, by-products of seed processing, etc.), and recover a larger range of chemical components, including other polymers such as polyphenolic (lignins, tannins) or polylipidic compounds (cutins).At present, these two conceptions are converging, and dietary fibres are generally defined as polysaccharides and associated substances resistant to mammal enzyme digestion and absorption that can be partially or totally fermented in the gu...

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“…Kits begin to consume limited amounts of solid feed at 18 to 20 days of age (Maertens and de Groote, 1990;Scapinello et al, 1999), then the microflora begins caecal colonization and fermentation develops soon afterwards (Gidenne, 1997), and some of the enzymatic digestive activities show important changes (Marounek et al, 1995). Early weaning reduces the incidence of digestive disorders and reduces pathogen transmission by limiting contacts between litters and does (Schlolaut, 1988).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of weaning age on performance and nutrient digestibility of broiler rabbits

Zita¹,

Tůmová²,

Skřivanová³

et al. 2007

CZECH J ANIM SCI

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AbstrAct:The effect of weaning age on growth, feed consumption, digestibility of nutrients, carcass yield, mortality and parasite incidence was studied in a balance experiment. Forty Hyplus ® rabbits proceeding from a commercial rabbitry were assigned to four groups of 10 rabbits according to weaning age at 25, 28, 31 and 35 days. The experimental diet had 17.03% crude protein, 4.66% fat and 18.30% crude fibre. Feed and water were available ad libitum. At the end of the experiment, at 84 days of age, six rabbits per group were slaughtered. In the experiment, most results of performance were not significantly (P ≤ 0.05) affected by weaning age. Only the rabbits weaned at 25 days of age had higher live weight (P ≤ 0.05) at the age of 35 days (996, 986, 971 and 910 g, respectively), but at the end of the experiment we did not find any differences between groups. Higher digestibility of nutrients was recorded in the second collection period. In the first collection period the digestibility of nutrients was higher in rabbits weaned at 25 days of age in comparison with the other groups. No differences between groups in the digestibility of nutrients were observed in the second period. The age of weaning did not influence carcass characteristics. Dressing percentage was insignificantly higher in rabbits weaned at 25 and 35 days of age (53.11 and 53.07%, respectively) in comparison with rabbits weaned at 28 and 31 days of age (50.89 and 52.67%, respectively). There was no significant effect of weaning age on mortality. The incidence of Eimeria ssp. was the highest after weaning in rabbits at the age of 35 days.

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Distribution of activity of hydrolytic enzymes in the digestive tract of rabbits

Cited by 98 publications

References 18 publications

Adaptability of the digestive function according to age at weaning in the rabbit: I. Effect on feed intake and digestive functionality

Adaptability of the digestive function according to age at weaning in the rabbit: I. Effect on feed intake and digestive functionality

Dietary fibres in the nutrition of the growing rabbit and recommendations to preserve digestive health: a review

The effect of weaning age on performance and nutrient digestibility of broiler rabbits

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