Distribution of Cereal Luteoviruses and Molecular Diversity of BYDV-PAV Isolates in Central and Southern Iran: Proposal of a New Species in the GenusLuteovirus

Abstract

During a survey, 148 wheat, 70 barley and 24 wild grass samples of plants showing symptoms of yellowing or reddening of leaves and general stunting were collected in central and southern provinces of Iran and tested for Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) and Cereal yellow dwarf virus (CYDV) infection by enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and tissue print immunoassay (TPIA). The results showed the presence of the viruses in most regions. Positive reactions to BYDV-PAV, BYDV-MAV, CYDV-RPV and BYDV-SGV antisera were recorded. BYDV-PAV was the most prevalent virus. The genetic diversity of BYDV-PAV isolates in central and southern provinces was studied by analysing ORF1 (903 nt) and read through domain (RTD) (575 nt) of 13 and nine isolates respectively. Sequence analysis of RTD at nucleotide and amino acid levels revealed a high identity (91.8-97.2% and 91.4-100% respectively) between Iranian and other available isolates in the GenBank. However, in regards to ORF1, a high genetic diversity among Iranian and other known PAV isolates at both amino acid (2-16.9%) and nucleotide (4.1-16.5%) levels were detected. Based on phylogenetic analysis of ORF1, two major groups of BYDV-PAV isolates were distinguished. The Iranian isolates were divided between the two clusters. Our results suggest that the occurrence of two genetically distinct groups of PAV isolates in central and southern Iran, from which according to the ICTV criteria for species demarcation in the family Luteoviridae, four isolates from central parts of the country, qualify for designation as new species.

Widespread occurrence and molecular characterization of Wheat dwarf virus in Iran

“…Association of BYDVs with such diseases has been reported previously in Iran showing that these viruses are distributed in all cereal growing provinces of the country (Rastgou et al 2005: Pakdel et al 2010. The molecular analyses conducted in the present study indicated that the distribution of WDV in Iran is also very wide, covering major cereal growing regions of the country.…”

“…Association of BYDVs with these diseases is well established (Rastgou et al 2005: Pakdel et al 2010. However, there have been many yellows cases in which no BYDVs have been identified and it has been suggested that other viruses may also be involved in the cereal yellows disease complex in this country.…”

How does vector diversity influence the transmission efficiency of yellow dwarf virus? Perspectives from a review

“…It is believed that different virus species dominate in different regions, for example in mainland Europe, the United States, China, Algeria and Iran BYDV‐PAV is thought to be the most abundant species infecting cereals and is therefore considered to be the most agriculturally important (Adhikari et al., 2020; Boubetra et al., 2023; Liu et al., 2019; Pakdel et al., 2010), whereas in the United Kingdom BYDV‐MAV and BYDV‐PAV occur at similar levels (Foster et al., 2004) and in Ireland BYDV‐MAV is the dominant species (Kennedy & Connery, 2005). However, most monitoring surveys were only conducted over a relatively short time‐period (up to three growing seasons) and more up‐to‐date information for some regions is lacking.…”

Concurrent detection of five Yellow dwarf viruses (B/CYDVs) in wheat in Mardin (Turkey) and phylogenetic relationship of BYDV-PAV

“…B/CYDVs are the most common group of viruses in Poaceae family plants studied extensively in many continents and countries on a global scale. The presence of these viruses have been reported in some countries like Brazil (Parizoto et al, 2013), Australia (Nancarrow et al, 2014), Pakistan (Siddiqui et al, 2011), Iraq (El-Muadhidi et al, 2001, Tunisia (Hamdi et al, 2020), İran (Rastgou et al, 2005), Hungary (Áy et al, 2008), England/UK (Kendall et al, 1996), China (Tao et al, 2012), Southern Iran (Pakdel et al, 2010), Latvia (Bisnieks et al 2004), Turkey (Usta et al, 2020;Hassan et al, 2018;Ilbagi et al, 2019), Chech Republic and Sweden (Pokorny, 2006), andBulgaria (Bakardjeiva et al, 2006).…”