Distribution of efferent neurons projecting to the superior colliculus and cerebellum in the rat prepositus hypoglossi nucleus

Otsuki, Hitoshi; Tokunaga, Akira; Ono, Kohei; Hasebe, Shinji; Tadokoro, Y

doi:10.1016/0921-8696(91)90958-p

Cited by 6 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…The coding of eye movement is consistent with the known projections from the nucleus prepositus to oculomotor and gaze-control structures [monkey: Hartwich-Young et al (1990), Robinson et al (1994); cat: Belknap and McCrea (1988), Escudero et al (1992), Langer et al (1986), McCrea and Baker (1985); rat: Iwasaki et al (1999), Ohtsuki et al (1992); guinea pig: Corvisier and Hardy (1991)]. However, this property is more difficult to reconcile with the nucleus prepositus' known ascending projections to regions such as the dorsal tegmental nucleus.…”

Section: Functional Implications Of Eye-only Encoding By Prepositus Nsupporting

confidence: 69%

The nucleus prepositus predominantly outputs eye movement-related information during passive and active self-motion

Dale

Cullen

2013

Journal of Neurophysiology

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Maintaining a constant representation of our heading as we move through the world requires the accurate estimate of spatial orientation. As one turns (or is turned) toward a new heading, signals from the semicircular canals are relayed through the vestibular system to higher-order centers that encode head direction. To date, there is no direct electrophysiological evidence confirming the first relay point of head-motion signals from the vestibular nuclei, but previous anatomical and lesion studies have identified the nucleus prepositus as a likely candidate. Whereas burst-tonic neurons encode only eye-movement signals during head-fixed eye motion and passive vestibular stimulation, these neurons have not been studied during self-generated movements. Here, we specifically address whether burst-tonic neurons encode head motion during active behaviors. Single-unit responses were recorded from the nucleus prepositus of rhesus monkeys and compared for head-restrained and active conditions with comparable eye velocities. We found that neurons consistently encoded eye position and velocity across conditions but did not exhibit significant sensitivity to head position or velocity. Additionally, response sensitivities varied as a function of eye velocity, similar to abducens motoneurons and consistent with their role in gaze control and stabilization. Thus our results demonstrate that the primate nucleus prepositus chiefly encodes eye movement even during active head-movement behaviors, a finding inconsistent with the proposal that this nucleus makes a direct contribution to head-direction cell tuning. Given its ascending projections, however, we speculate that this eye-movement information is integrated with other inputs in establishing higher-order spatial representations.

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Section: Functional Implications Of Eye-only Encoding By Prepositus Nsupporting

confidence: 69%

The nucleus prepositus predominantly outputs eye movement-related information during passive and active self-motion

Dale

Cullen

2013

Journal of Neurophysiology

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“…With possibly one exception (projections from the postsubicular region), all the afferent structures we identified in the present study have been described by others previously (Wise and Jones, 1977 ; Killackey and Erzurumlu, 1981 ; Roldán and Reinoso-Suárez, 1981 ; Huerta et al, 1983 ; Cadusseau and Roger, 1985 ; Tanaka et al, 1985 ; Vertes et al, 1986 ; Henkel and Schneiderman, 1988 ; Rhoades et al, 1989 ; Sesack et al, 1989 ; Appell and Behan, 1990 ; Cornwall et al, 1990 ; Canteras and Swanson, 1992 ; Ohtsuki et al, 1992 ; Redgrave et al, 1992 ; Wiberg, 1992 ; Waterhouse et al, 1993 ; Canteras et al, 1994 ; Klooster et al, 1995 ; Krauthamer et al, 1995 ; Kolmac et al, 1998 ; Canteras and Goto, 1999 ; Garcia Del Caño et al, 2000 ; Moore et al, 2000 ; Olucha-Bordonau et al, 2003 ; Wyss and Sripanidkulchai, 2003 ; Kimura et al, 2004 ; Sefton et al, 2004 ; Kelly et al, 2009 ; Alloway et al, 2010 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Segregated Anatomical Input to Sub-Regions of the Rodent Superior Colliculus Associated with Approach and Defense

Comoli¹,

Favaro²,

Vautrelle³

et al. 2012

Front. Neuroanat.

139

122

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The superior colliculus (SC) is responsible for sensorimotor transformations required to direct gaze toward or away from unexpected, biologically salient events. Significant changes in the external world are signaled to SC through primary multisensory afferents, spatially organized according to a retinotopic topography. For animals, where an unexpected event could indicate the presence of either predator or prey, early decisions to approach or avoid are particularly important. Rodents’ ecology dictates predators are most often detected initially as movements in upper visual field (mapped in medial SC), while appetitive stimuli are normally found in lower visual field (mapped in lateral SC). Our purpose was to exploit this functional segregation to reveal neural sites that can bias or modulate initial approach or avoidance responses. Small injections of Fluoro-Gold were made into medial or lateral sub-regions of intermediate and deep layers of SC (SCm/SCl). A remarkable segregation of input to these two functionally defined areas was found. (i) There were structures that projected only to SCm (e.g., specific cortical areas, lateral geniculate and suprageniculate thalamic nuclei, ventromedial and premammillary hypothalamic nuclei, and several brainstem areas) or SCl (e.g., primary somatosensory cortex representing upper body parts and vibrissae and parvicellular reticular nucleus in the brainstem). (ii) Other structures projected to both SCm and SCl but from topographically segregated populations of neurons (e.g., zona incerta and substantia nigra pars reticulata). (iii) There were a few brainstem areas in which retrogradely labeled neurons were spatially overlapping (e.g., pedunculopontine nucleus and locus coeruleus). These results indicate significantly more structures across the rat neuraxis are in a position to modulate defense responses evoked from SCm, and that neural mechanisms modulating SC-mediated defense or appetitive behavior are almost entirely segregated.

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“…This suggests the existence of VGluT2‐expressing neurons projecting from outside of the retina to the superficial part of the SC. The superficial layers of the SC have been reported to receive projections from a variety of brain regions, including peripeduncular nucleus (Taylor et al, 1986), dorsal raphe nucleus (Villar et al, 1988; Waterhouse et al, 1993), locus ceruleus (Waterhouse et al, 1993), nucleus of the posterior commissure (Taylor et al, 1986), and prepositus hypoglossal nucleus (Ohtsuki et al, 1992). Of these nuclei, the locus ceruleus is known to express VGluT2 mRNA (Stornetta et al, 2002).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes of immunocytochemical localization of vesicular glutamate transporters in the rat visual system after the retinofugal denervation

Fujiyama

Hioki

Tomioka

et al. 2003

J of Comparative Neurology

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To clarify which vesicular glutamate transporter (VGluT) is used by excitatory axon terminals of the retinofugal system, we examined immunoreactivities and mRNA signals for VGluT1 and VGluT2 in the rat retina and compared immunoreactivities for VGluT1 and VGluT2 in the retinorecipient regions using double immunofluorescence method, anterograde tracing, and immunoelectron microscopy. Furthermore, the changes of VGluT1 and VGluT2 immunoreactivities were studied after eyeball enucleation. Intense immunoreactivity and mRNA signal for VGluT2, but not for VGluT1 immunoreactivity, were observed in most perikarya of ganglion cells in the retina. Immunoelectron microscopy revealed that VGluT1- and VGluT2-immunolabeled terminals made asymmetrical synapses, suggesting that they were excitatory synapses, and that VGluT1-immunolabeled terminals were smaller than VGluT2-labeled ones in many retinorecipient regions, such as the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (LGd) and superior colliculus (SC). Double immunofluorescence study further revealed that almost no VGluT2 immunoreactivity was colocalized with VGluT1 in the retinorecipient regions. After wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) injection into the eyeballs, WGA immunoreactivity was colocalized in the single axon terminals of LGd and SC with VGluT2 but not VGluT1 immunoreactivity. After unilateral enucleation, VGluT2 immunoreactivity in the LGd, SC, nucleus of the optic tract, and nuclei of the accessory optic tract in the contralateral side of the enucleated eye was clearly decreased. Although only a small change of VGluT2 immunoreactivity was observed in the contra- and ipsilateral suprachiasmatic nuclei, olivary pretectal nucleus, anterior pretectal nucleus, and posterior pretectal nucleus, moderate reduction of VGluT2 was found in these regions after bilateral enucleation. On the other hand, almost no change in VGluT1 immunoreactivity was found in the structures examined in the present enucleation study. Thus, the present results support the notion that the retinofugal pathways are glutamatergic, and indicate that VGluT2, but not VGluT1, is employed for accumulating glutamate into synaptic vesicles of retinofugal axons.

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Distribution of efferent neurons projecting to the superior colliculus and cerebellum in the rat prepositus hypoglossi nucleus

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

The nucleus prepositus predominantly outputs eye movement-related information during passive and active self-motion

The nucleus prepositus predominantly outputs eye movement-related information during passive and active self-motion

Segregated Anatomical Input to Sub-Regions of the Rodent Superior Colliculus Associated with Approach and Defense

Changes of immunocytochemical localization of vesicular glutamate transporters in the rat visual system after the retinofugal denervation

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