Distribution of Gingival Inflammation in Mouth breathing patients: An Observational pilot study

Sharma, Rajinder Kumar; Bhatia, Anu; Tewari, Shikha; Narula, Satish Chandar

doi:10.14693/jdi.v23i2.981

Cited by 11 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…(Pearson Chi square value-0.368, df-1, p value-0.544) (Figure 6). Rajinder K et al, in their study has observed that the prevalence was more in male population and the mean age was 24.6 years and mouth breathing Patients had higher scores of gingival inflammation (Sharma et al, 2016), this is in accordance with our study.According to Abdul B et al Reply the plaque deposition in patients with malocclusion was more prevalent in the female population [58%], the study in contrast to the present study where the prevalence was seen in male patients (Memon et al, 2015). Fatemeh J et al, in the study observed that the presence of gingivitis is more in girls [53.7%] and prevalence of mouth breathing was found to be 19.7% (Jahanimoghadam and Shamsaddin, 2016).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

Prevalence of gingivitis in patients with open bite

2021

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Open bite is defined as a developmental or acquired malocclusion whereby no vertical overlap exists between maxillary and mandibular anterior or posterior teeth. It can either be dental or skeletal open bite; anterior or posterior open bite. Open bite can result in mouth breathing causing changes in the muscular force and can lead to increased susceptibility of gingivitis. The study is conducted to find a correlation between open bite and gingivitis. The aim of the study is to evaluate the prevalence of gingivitis in patients with open bite. This study was based on data collected from the digital database of Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals. Over 86000 patient records were reviewed and analysed over a six month period from September 2019 to February 2019. A total of 1000 case sheets of patients were reviewed. Cross verification of data for error was done by presence of additional reviewers and by photographic evaluation. Simple random sampling was done to minimize sampling bias. After reviewing, 1000 case sheets were filtered based on data required. The final sample size was 703 patients with Open Bite. Male patients had high prevalence of open bite [53.5%] and presence of gingivitis in open bite patients was 63.9%. The age group 21-40 years [35.70%] had high frequency of gingivitis. P value was found to be insignificant >0.05.Within the limits of the study it was observed that male patients had more prevalence for open bite malocclusion and presence of gingivitis. The age group 21-40 years at high frequency of gingivitis prevalence in patients with open bite.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

Prevalence of gingivitis in patients with open bite

2021

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“…The effects of oral ventilation on gingival health, known for a long time [23] were confirmed in our study. In the same way, the periodontal environment is a crucial element to consider before starting orthodontic treatment.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Prioritization of risk factors of gingival hyperplasia during orthodontic treatment: the role of biofilm

Vincent-Bugnas

Borsa

GRUSS

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Background: The mechanism of gingival growth that may occur during fixed orthodontic treatment is not yet fully understood and the amount of dental plaque is often incriminated. The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of gingival growth during multi-attachment orthodontic treatment and to prioritize its risk factors Methods: This comprehensive cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 193 orthodontic patients in good general health, treated by a fixed appliance. Periodontal clinical parameters such as plaque index, gingival index, probing pocket depth, periodontal phenotype and gingival enhancement index were recorded. Likewise, the brushing habits and the date of the last scaling were noted. The orthodontic parameters studied were the duration of the treatment, the type of attachment, they alloys used for the arches and the type of ligatures. Descriptive statistics were carried out, then univariate analyses were achieved thanks to cross sectional tables and lastly, a multivariate analysis allowed a hierarchization of the risk factors. Results: Gingival growth occurred for 49.7% of patients included. The risk factors for this pathology during fixed orthodontic treatment were conventional metal brackets (OR = 3.5), oral ventilation (OR = 3), male gender (OR = 2.2), thick periodontium (OR = 2) and elastomeric ligations (OR = 2). After achievement of the logistic regression, the amount of plaque would not be directly related to the development of this gingival increase. Conclusions: Among the risk factors that underlie gingival growth during multi-attachment therapy, the amount of plaque is not found. The qualitative assessment of the plaque and its evolution during treatment could clarify the role of the biofilm in the occurrence of gingival overgrowth.

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“…Mouth breathers inspire and expire through the mouth, as a consequence of reduced patency of the nasal airways. The constant airflow from mouth breathing could dry the teeth and mucosa, especially in the anterior portion of the mouth ( Pacheco et al, 2015 ), leading to chronic gingival inflammation ( Sharma et al, 2016 ), an increased level of Streptococcus mutans (CFU > 10 5 ), and a higher plaque index (PlI), although no significant difference was found in mean buffering capacity of saliva and the salivary flowrate ( Mummolo et al, 2018 ). A higher risk of dental erosion and caries also exist among mouth breathers because of a decrease in intraoral pH compared with normal breathing during sleep ( Choi et al, 2016 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alterations in Oral–Nasal–Pharyngeal Microbiota and Salivary Proteins in Mouth-Breathing Children

Fan

Guo

et al. 2020

Front. Microbiol.

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Mouth breathing induces a series of diseases, while the influence on microbiota of oral cavity and salivary proteins remains unknown. In this study, for the first time, profiles of oral–nasal–pharyngeal microbiota among mouth-breathing children (MB group, n = 10) were compared with paired nose-breathing children (NB group, n = 10) using 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) (V3–V4 region) high-throughput sequencing. The differentially expressed salivary proteins were revealed using label-free quantification (LFQ) method, and their associations with bacterial abundance were measured by canonical correspondence analysis (CCA). The overall bacterial profiles differed between the two groups, and the differences were related to the duration of mouth breathing. The diversity of oral–pharyngeal microbiota was significantly higher, and the nasal–pharyngeal species tended to be consistent (unweighted UniFrac, p = 0.38) in the MB group. Opportunistic pathogens were higher in relative abundance as follows: Acinetobacter in the anterior supragingival plaque, Neisseria in unstimulated saliva, Streptococcus pneumoniae in the pharynx, and Stenotrophomonas in the nostrils. The expression level of oxidative-stress-related salivary proteins (lactoylglutathione lyase and peroxiredoxin-5) were upregulated, while immune-related proteins (integrin alpha-M and proteasome subunit alpha type-1) were downregulated in MB group. The differentially expressed proteins were associated with specific bacteria, indicating their potentials as candidate biomarkers for the diagnosis, putatively early intervention, and therapeutic target of mouth breathing. This study showed that mouth breathing influences the oral–nasal–pharyngeal microbiota and enriches certain pathogens, accompanied with the alterations in the salivary environment. Further research on the pathological mechanisms and dynamic changes in longitudinal studies are warranted.

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Distribution of Gingival Inflammation in Mouth breathing patients: An Observational pilot study

Cited by 11 publications

References 10 publications

Prevalence of gingivitis in patients with open bite

Prevalence of gingivitis in patients with open bite

Prioritization of risk factors of gingival hyperplasia during orthodontic treatment: the role of biofilm

Alterations in Oral–Nasal–Pharyngeal Microbiota and Salivary Proteins in Mouth-Breathing Children

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