Distribution of growth hormone-responsive cells in the brain of rats and mice

Wasinski, Frederick; Klein, Marianne; Bittencourt, Jackson Cioni; Metzger, Martin; Donato, José

doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2020.147189

Cited by 24 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…Growth hormone‐responsive neurones were identified in the present study via the expression of pSTAT5 in mice previously injected with GH. Although this method has been extensively used by our research group, 13,15‐19,29‐31,40‐43 we cannot guarantee that all pSTAT5 positive cells express GHR. Indeed, no study so far has demonstrated that TIDA neurones express Ghr mRNA.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth hormone receptor in dopaminergic neurones regulates stress‐induced prolactin release in male mice

Wasinski

Chaves

Pedroso

et al. 2021

J Neuroendocrinology

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Arcuate nucleus (ARH) dopaminergic neurones regulate several biological functions, including prolactin secretion and metabolism. These cells are responsive to growth hormone (GH), although it is still unknown whether GH action on ARH dopaminergic neurones is required to regulate different physiological aspects. Mice carrying specific deletion of GH receptor (GHR) in tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)‐ or dopamine transporter (DAT)‐expressing cells were produced. We investigated possible changes in energy balance, glucose homeostasis, fertility, pup survival and restraint stress‐induced prolactin release. GHR deletion in DAT‐ or TH‐expressing cells did not cause changes in food intake, energy expenditure, ambulatory activity, nutrient oxidation, glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity and counter‐regulatory response to hypoglycaemia in male and female mice. In addition, GHR deletion in dopaminergic cells caused no gross effects on reproduction and pup survival. However, restraint stress‐induced prolactin release was significantly impaired in DAT‐ and TH‐specific GHR knockout male mice, as well as in pegvisomant‐treated wild‐type males, whereas an intact response was observed in females. Patch clamp recordings were performed in ARH DAT neurones and, in contrast to prolactin, GH did not cause acute changes in the electrical activity of DAT neurones. Furthermore, TH phosphorylation at Ser40 in ARH neurones and median eminence axonal terminals was not altered in DAT‐specific GHR knockout male mice during restraint stress. In conclusion, GH action in dopaminergic neurones is required for stress‐induced prolactin release in male mice, suggesting the existence of sex differences in the capacity of GHR signalling to affect prolactin secretion. The mechanism behind this regulation still needs to be identified.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth hormone receptor in dopaminergic neurones regulates stress‐induced prolactin release in male mice

Wasinski

Chaves

Pedroso

et al. 2021

J Neuroendocrinology

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“…However, mice are becoming the dominant experimental model, among other reasons, due to the availability of a large number of genetically modified mouse models that allow elegant mechanistic and complex studies on the functioning of the HPG axis. Although we observe many aspects in common between rats and mice, some neuroendocrine differences may exist between these species (Campos et al, 2020;Campos et al, 2021;Wasinski et al, 2021). For example, the proestrus-like cytology commonly found in the vaginal smears of rats is hardly observed in mice that "jump" from diestrus-like cytology to an estrous-like pattern (Bertolin & Murphy, 2014;Byers et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Pattern of gonadotropin secretion along the estrous cycle of C57BL/6 female mice

Gusmao

Vieira

Mansano

et al. 2022

Physiological Reports

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The pattern of gonadotropin secretion along the estrous cycle was elegantly described in rats. Less information exists about the pattern of gonadotropin secretion in gonad‐intact mice, particularly regarding the follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH). Using serial blood collections from the tail‐tip of gonad‐intact C57BL/6 mice on the first day of cornification (transition from diestrus to estrus; hereafter called proestrus), we observed that the luteinizing hormone (LH) and FSH surge cannot be consistently detected since only one out of eight females (12%) showed increased LH levels. In contrast, a high percentage of mice (15 out of 21 animals; 71%) exhibited LH and FSH surges on the proestrus when a single serum sample was collected. Mice that exhibited LH and FSH surges on the proestrus showed c‐Fos expression in gonadotropin‐releasing hormone‐ (GnRH; 83.4% of co‐localization) and kisspeptin‐expressing neurons (42.3% of co‐localization) of the anteroventral periventricular nucleus (AVPV). Noteworthy, mice perfused on proestrus, but that failed to exhibit LH surge, showed a smaller, but significant expression of c‐Fos in GnRH (32.7%) and AVPVKisspeptin (14.0%) neurons. Finally, 96 serial blood samples were collected hourly in eight regular cycling C57BL/6 females to describe the pattern of LH and FSH secretion along the estrous cycle. Small elevations in LH and FSH levels were detected at the time expected for the LH surge. In summary, the present study improves our understanding of the pattern of gonadotropin secretion and the activation of central components of the hypothalamic–pituitary‐gonadal axis along the estrous cycle of C57BL/6 female mice.

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“…The widespread presence of GH-responsive neurons in different areas of the brain has been documented, mainly in animal studies, suggesting that GH may directly modulate different neural functions [ 50 , 51 ]. Among others, GH plays a role in food intake regulation and in maintaining blood glucose concentrations during prolonged food restriction.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Delayed Diagnosis of Congenital Combined Pituitary Hormone Deficiency including Severe Growth Hormone Deficiency in Children with Persistent Neonatal Hypoglycemia—Case Reports and Review

Smyczyńska

Pawelak

Hilczer

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Apart from stimulation of human growth and cell proliferation, growth hormone (GH) has pleiotropic metabolic effects in all periods of life. Severe GH deficiency is a common component of combined pituitary hormone deficiency (CPHD). CPHD may be caused by mutations in the genes encoding transcription factors and signaling molecules involved in normal pituitary development; however, often its genetic cause remains unknown. Symptoms depend on which hormone is deficient. The first symptom of GH or adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) deficiency may be persistent hypoglycemia in apparently healthy newborns, which is often neglected. Diagnosing CPHD is based on decreased concentrations of hormones secreted by the anterior pituitary and peripheral endocrine glands. Findings in magnetic resonance imaging vary widely, including anterior pituitary hypoplasia/aplasia or pituitary stalk interruption syndrome (PSIS). Delayed diagnosis and treatment can be life-threatening. GH therapy is necessary to recover hypoglycemia and to improve auxological and psychomotor development. We present two girls, diagnosed and treated in our departments, in whom the diagnosis of CPHD was delayed, despite persistent neonatal hypoglycemia; and a review of similar cases, with attention paid to progress in the genetic assessments of such patients, since the introduction of whole exome sequencing that is especially important for PSIS.

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Distribution of growth hormone-responsive cells in the brain of rats and mice

Cited by 24 publications

References 74 publications

Growth hormone receptor in dopaminergic neurones regulates stress‐induced prolactin release in male mice

Growth hormone receptor in dopaminergic neurones regulates stress‐induced prolactin release in male mice

Pattern of gonadotropin secretion along the estrous cycle of C57BL/6 female mice

Delayed Diagnosis of Congenital Combined Pituitary Hormone Deficiency including Severe Growth Hormone Deficiency in Children with Persistent Neonatal Hypoglycemia—Case Reports and Review

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