Distribution of Haemagogus and Sabethes Species in Relation to Forest Cover and Climatic Factors in the Chapada Dos Guimarães National Park, State of Mato Grosso, Brazil

Abstract

Members of the genera Haemagogus and Sabethes are the most important biological vectors of the wild yellow fever virus (WYF) in the forested areas of the Americas. The ecologies of Haemagogus janthinomys, Hg. leucocelaenus, Sabethes chloropterus, and Sa. glaucodaemon were studied in a forest of the Chapada dos Guimarães National Park, state of Mato Grosso, Brazil, to evaluate the influence of climatic factors (temperature and relative humidity [RH]) on their abundance. We also examined the association of climate with landscape structure on species distribution patterns throughout the seasons of the year. Multiple stepwise regressions showed that RH was most likely to influence the density of mosquito populations. A multidimensional scaling (MDS) was used to evaluate the effects of forest cover on the composition of mosquito populations at different radii (100-, 250-, and 1,000-m-radius buffer areas). The MDS provided 2 dimensions with values that indicated a higher similarity in the composition of culicid populations between sites 1 and 3, while site 2 was separate from the others in the ordination space. Site 2 had a much higher forest cover ratio at 100-m radius compared with sites 1 and 3. We found a possible relationship between the forest cover and the composition of the mosquito populations only in the 100-m radius. These results enabled us to infer that RH directly favored the activity of mosquito populations and that the forest cover located closest to the sampling site may influence the species composition. Since mosquito abundance was higher in the sites with lower local forest cover, forest fragmentation may be a key factor on the presence of WYF vector.

Distinct YFV Lineages Co-circulated in the Central-Western and Southeastern Brazilian Regions From 2015 to 2018

“…This velocity is lower than the estimates described by Faria et al (2018) and Gomez et al (2018) that also analyzed the dispersion of the ongoing YFV outbreak in Brazil and found dispersion rates of 4.2 and 3.4 km/day, respectively. However, those studies analyzed sequences sampled between January-April of 2017, corresponding to the wet and warmer season, when there is an increase in the density of vectors (Alencar et al, 2018) facilitating the transmission. The primary vectors in the current outbreak in Southeast Brazil are the mosquitoes Haemagogus leucocelaenus and Haemagogus janthinomys (Abreu et al, 2019), which can disperse large distances in short time (Causey et al, 1950).…”

An ecological niche model to predict the geographic distribution of Haemagogus janthinomys, Dyar, 1921 the yellow fever and Mayaro virus vector, in South America

“…janthinomys close to agricultural communities in Trinidad & Tobago and hypothesized that forest fragmentation may play an important role in Hg. janthinomys presence (52). Therefore, changing patterns of land use/land cover and encroachment into forested areas may increase human exposure to Hg.…”

Yellow fever in Brazil threatens successful recovery of endangered golden lion tamarins

“…These mosquitoes are known to lay their eggs in tree holes and bamboo 78 , especially in higher forest strata 75,79 . Relative humidity is known to influence their abundance 80 . Tree holes are important den sites for GLTs 56 and are often located in trees with larger diameters 81 .…”