Distribution ofSalmonella enteritidisphage types in Canada

Abstract

SUMMARYThe distribution of Salmonella enteritidis phage types in Canada is described; 606 of 674 strains examined were of human origin. Typable strains of all sources, constituted 996% (671/674) of all strains examined, and were representative of 15 different phage types. Five phage types (8, 13, 4, 13a and 1) accounted for 924 % of the total. Phage type 8 consistently showed the highest incidence in human (6996%) and non-human (72X05%) sources and appeared to be the most common in North America. Phage type 4, the most prevalent in the UK, is infrequent in Canada (38/674). The distribution of phage types showed regional variation among infrequent phage types, whereas the common type, 8, was observed in different frequencies in all provinces. Examination of 29 outbreaks of S. enteritidis representing 254 isolates for humans revealed 5 different phage types, the highest number of outbreaks (11) were type 8. A study of these outbreaks and the animal-host-associations of the common phage types, 8 and 13, indicated that contaminated poultry appeared to be the most common source of human infection in Canada.

IS200 fingerprint of Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium human strains isolated in Sardinia

“…The circulation of this strain in our region might be related to introduction of cattle or bovine meat. An outbreak due to Typhimurium phage DT104 was associated with bovine product in Canada [28] and suggests the potential for salmonella spread by bovine meat and the importance of bovine as carrier for multiple resistant Typhimurium strains in imported beef.…”

Isolation of Salmonella enterica serotype choleraesuis resistant to ceftriaxone and ciprofloxacin

“…The figure decreased gradually thereafter, with an annual number of 49 in 1997, 36 in 1998, 34 in 1999, and 15 in 2000 (24). Serotype Choleraesuis is also an infrequent serotype isolated from human sources in Canada and the United Kingdom (11,88). However, the epidemiological pattern differed greatly in Asian countries.…”

DNA insertion sequences and the molecular epidemiology of Salmonella and Mycobacterium

“…Phage typing of S. Enteritidis distinguishes at least 27 phage types [48], but the current epidemic in the UK and several European countries is very largely caused by strains of a single phage type, PT4. PT4 is highly adapted to its poultry host, as is the most prevalent such phage type in North America, PT8 [55]. When the 27 phage type reference strains of S. Enteritidis were examined, all fell into one of the three IS200 profile subgroups described above.…”