Distribution of immunity to pertussis in the population of England and Wales

Fine, Paul E. M.; Clarkson, Jacqueline A

doi:10.1017/s0022172400063993

Cited by 34 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…In the postvaccine era, there was a decline in overall incidence, but epidemics continued, and peak incidence switched to infants , 1 year of age, followed by preschool children. The proportion of cases occurring in adolescents and young adults increased [2,3,[11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27]. Two new, simultaneous but divergent trends have emerged recently in the postvaccine profile of pertussis in Canada.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Changing Age and Seasonal Profile of Pertussis in Canada

et al. 2002

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During the postvaccine era in Canada, most cases of pertussis have been reported in children <5 years of age, with the highest incidence, morbidity, and mortality in infants <1 year old. Population-based data, with very high laboratory confirmation rates and hospital separation and mortality statistics, chronicle the changing age and seasonal profile associated with pertussis over recent successive outbreaks in British Columbia, Canada. A large outbreak during 2000 highlights 2 important changes to the postvaccine profile. For the first time in Canada, the incidence of pertussis among preteens and teens surpassed that of all other age groups. At the same time, a decreasing incidence of pertussis among infants and preschool children highlights reduced susceptibility in the very young. Recent changes in the childhood immunization program (including introduction of an acellular pertussis vaccine), waning immunity, and changes in laboratory methods are considered in explaining these 2 simultaneous but divergent trends in the pertussis profile.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sero-epidemiologic studies and clinical surveys have supported this growing perception [3,[11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27]. A recent large outbreak in British Columbia (BC), Canada, adds further evidence and highlights 2 important changes to the pertussis profile.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Changing Age and Seasonal Profile of Pertussis in Canada

et al. 2002

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“…We used methods similar to those used by Fine & Clarkson (1982, 1984 to study the distribution of immunity in the population to pertussis and measles. These methods are described in detail in the electronic supplementary material, S1.…”

Section: Methodology (A) Rotavirus Surveillance Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature-dependent transmission of rotavirus in Great Britain and The Netherlands

et al. 2009

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In Europe, rotavirus gastroenteritis peaks in late winter or early spring suggesting a role for weather factors in transmission of the virus. In this study, multivariate regression models adapted for time-series data were used to investigate effects of temperature, humidity and rainfall on reported rotavirus infections and the infection-rate parameter, a derived measure of infection transmission that takes into account population immunity, in England, Wales, Scotland and The Netherlands. Delayed effects of weather were investigated by introducing lagged weather terms into the model. Meta-regression was used to pool together country-specific estimates. There was a 13 per cent (95% confidence interval (CI), 11 -15%) decrease in reported infections per 18C increase in temperature above a threshold of 58C and a 4 per cent (95% CI, 3 -5%) decrease in the infection-rate parameter per 18C increase in temperature across the whole temperature range. The effect of temperature was immediate for the infection-rate parameter but delayed by up to four weeks for reported infections. There was no overall effect of humidity or rainfall. There is a direct and simple relationship between cold weather and rotavirus transmission in Great Britain and The Netherlands. The more complex and delayed temperature effect on disease incidence is likely to be mediated through the effects of weather on transmission.

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“…In the pre-vaccination era, the majority of the population was infected before 10 years of age, with significant morbidity and mortality particularly in infants and young children [7]. Most European countries introduced universal infant vaccination with wholecell pertussis vaccines during the 1950s.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two explanations have been put forward. First, that vaccination protects against disease, but less well against infection and transmission and that pertussis continues to circulate widely and 'silently ' amongst adults in highly vaccinated populations [7,14], with cyclical epidemics every 3-4 years as in the pre-vaccination era [15,16]. The recent re-emergence of pertussis is thus explained by improved case ascertainment due to better diagnosis of disease in adults and reporting [13,14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The seroepidemiology of Bordetella pertussis infection in Western Europe

Pebody¹,

GAY²,

et al. 2004

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SUMMARYHigh titres of pertussis toxin (PT) antibody have been shown to be predictive of recent infection with Bordetella pertussis. The seroprevalence of standardized anti-PT antibody was determined in six Western European countries between 1994 and 1998 and related to historical surveillance and vaccine programme data. Standardized anti-PT titres were calculated for a series of whole-cell and acellular pertussis vaccine trials. For the serological surveys, high-titre sera (>125 units/ml) were distributed throughout all age groups in both high-(>90 %) and low-coverage (<90 %) countries. High-titre sera were more likely in infants in countries using high-titre-producing vaccines in their primary programme (Italy, 11 . 5% ; Western Germany, 13 . 3 % ; France, 4 . 3% ; Eastern Germany, 4 . 0%) compared to other countries (The Netherlands, 0 . 5 %; Finland, 0 %). Recent infection was significantly more likely in adolescents (10-19 years old) and adults in high-coverage countries (Finland, The Netherlands, France, East Germany), whereas infection was more likely in children (3-9 years old) than adolescents in low-coverage (<90% ; Italy, West Germany, United Kingdom) countries. The impact and role of programmatic changes introduced after these surveys aimed at protecting infants from severe disease by accelerating the primary schedule or vaccinating older children and adolescents with booster doses can be evaluated with this approach.

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Distribution of immunity to pertussis in the population of England and Wales

Cited by 34 publications

References 21 publications

The Changing Age and Seasonal Profile of Pertussis in Canada

The Changing Age and Seasonal Profile of Pertussis in Canada

Temperature-dependent transmission of rotavirus in Great Britain and The Netherlands

The seroepidemiology of Bordetella pertussis infection in Western Europe

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