Distribution of Lignin, Hemicellulose, and Arabinogalactan Protein in Hemp Phloem Fibers

Kiyoto, Shingo; Yoshinaga, Arata; Fernandez-Tendero, Eva; Day, Arnaud; Chabbert, Brigitte; Takabe, Keiji

doi:10.1017/s1431927618012448

Cited by 17 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Microscopy fluorescence combined with safranin O/fast green can be useful to identify differences in vascular tissue composition (Haseloff, 2003; De Micco and Aronne, 2007; Frank et al, 2007) because safranin O contributes to highlighting the fluorophores present in the lignin molecule (Angeles et al, 2004; Bond et al, 2008; Donaldson, 2013; Zeng et al, 2015). This combination has a greater sensitivity to identify variations in the composition of vascular tissue compared with Maüle and Wiesner techniques (Kutscha and McOrmond, 1972; Decou et al, 2017; Kiyoto et al, 2018). Lignin fluorescence has been characterized by a wide range of excitation and emission wavelengths (Donaldson et al, 2010; Donaldson, 2013; Zeng et al, 2015).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in the Structural Chemical Composition of the Primary Xylem of Cactaceae: A Topochemical Perspective

et al. 2019

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The xylem of Cactaceae is a complex system with different types of cells whose main function is to conduct and store water, mostly during the development of primary xylem, which has vessel elements and wide-band tracheids. The anatomy of primary xylem of Cactaceae has been widely studied, but little is known about its chemical composition. The aim of this study was to determine the structural chemical composition of the primary xylem of Cactaceae and to compare it with the anatomy in the group. Seeds from eight cacti species were used, representing the Pereskioideae, Opuntioideae, and Cactoideae subfamilies. Seeds were germinated and grown for 8 months. Subsequently, only the stem of the seedling was selected, dried, milled, and processed following the TAPPI T-222 om-02 norm; lignin was quantified using the Klason method and cellulose with the Kurshner–Höffer method. Using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, the percentage of syringyl and guaiacyl in lignin was calculated. Seedlings of each species were fixed, sectioned, and stained for their anatomical description and fluorescence microscopy analysis for the topochemistry of the primary xylem. The results showed that there were significant differences between species (p < 0.05), except in the hemicelluloses. Through a principal component analysis, it was found that the amount of extractive-free stem and hot water-soluble extractives were the variables that separated the species, followed by cellulose and hemicelluloses since the seedlings developed mainly parenchyma cells and the conductive tissue showed vessel elements and wide-band tracheids, both with annular and helical thickenings in secondary walls. The type of lignin with the highest percentage was guaiacyl-type, which is accumulated mainly in the vessels, providing rigidity. Whereas in the wide-band tracheids from metaxylem, syringyl lignin accumulated in the secondary walls S2 and S3, which permits an efficient flow of water and gives the plant the ability to endure difficult conditions during seedling development. Only one species can be considered to have paedomorphosis since the conductive elements had a similar chemistry in primary and secondary xylem.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in the Structural Chemical Composition of the Primary Xylem of Cactaceae: A Topochemical Perspective

et al. 2019

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“…A detailed ultrastructural analysis on hemp bast fibers helps understanding how the G-layer is synthesized and remodeled. Two recent articles in the literature (Gorshkova et al 2018;Kiyoto et al 2018) have provided information in this respect, by focusing on a set of cell wall components. However, the ultrastructural mapping of crystalline cellulose, arabinans and galactans has not yet been performed on textile hemp, to the best of our knowledge.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of cell-wall polysaccharides and proteins during growth of the hemp hypocotyl

Behr

Faleri

Hausman

et al. 2019

Planta

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“…Polysaccharides and AGPs described in this work are represented by symbols, including the name of the antibody probe used to visualize them. N, nucleus hemp phloem fibers (Kiyoto et al 2018). The multi-layered flaking appearance in nettle suggests a lower compactness of the cell wall.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunohistochemical analyses on two distinct internodes of stinging nettle show different distribution of polysaccharides and proteins in the cell walls of bast fibers

Faleri

Mareri

et al. 2021

Protoplasma

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Stinging nettle is a perennial herbaceous species holding value as a multi-purpose plant. Indeed, its leaves and roots are phytofactories providing functional ingredients of medicinal interest and its stems produce silky and resistant extraxylary fibers (a.k.a. bast fibers) valued in the biocomposite sector. Similarly to what is reported in other fiber crops, the stem of nettle contains both lignified and hypolignified fibers in the core and cortex, respectively, and it is therefore a useful model for cell wall research. Indeed, data on nettle stem tissues can be compared to those obtained in other models, such as hemp and flax, to support hypotheses on the differentiation and development of bast fibers. The suitability of the nettle stem as model for cell wall-related research was already validated using a transcriptomics and biochemical approach focused on internodes at different developmental stages sampled at the top, middle, and bottom of the stem. We here sought to complement and enrich these data by providing immunohistochemical and ultrastructural details on young and older stem internodes. Antibodies recognizing non-cellulosic polysaccharides (galactans, arabinans, rhamnogalacturonans) and arabinogalactan proteins were here investigated with the goal of understanding whether their distribution changes in the stem tissues in relation to the bast fiber and vascular tissue development. The results obtained indicate that the occurrence and distribution of cell wall polysaccharides and proteins differ between young and older internodes and that these changes are particularly evident in the bast fibers.

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Distribution of Lignin, Hemicellulose, and Arabinogalactan Protein in Hemp Phloem Fibers

Cited by 17 publications

References 46 publications

Differences in the Structural Chemical Composition of the Primary Xylem of Cactaceae: A Topochemical Perspective

Differences in the Structural Chemical Composition of the Primary Xylem of Cactaceae: A Topochemical Perspective

Distribution of cell-wall polysaccharides and proteins during growth of the hemp hypocotyl

Immunohistochemical analyses on two distinct internodes of stinging nettle show different distribution of polysaccharides and proteins in the cell walls of bast fibers

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