Distribution of Neuropeptides in Rat Pterygopalatine Ganglion: Light and Electron Microscopic Immunohistochemical Studies.

Motosugi, Hideaki; Chiba, Tetsuhiro; Konno, Akiyoshi; Kaneko, Toshio

doi:10.1679/aohc.55.513

Cited by 29 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…In pig PPG NPY was found in 25% of all neuronal perikarya, mainly in those of large diameter, where it colocalized with VIP, however, NPY-IR fibers in the PPG were scarce [37]. The present study demonstrates that in domestic duck about 40% of perikarya are NPY-positive and that there numerous fibers in the PPG, different from the observations in rat and pig PPG [36,37].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 90%

“…In rat PPG, the highest immunoreactivity was reported for VIP (99.0% of all cells), then for NPY (54.1%), and then for ENK (10.5%) [36]. These substances colocalized together in rat ganglion neurocytes in the following way: VIP/NPY (47.4%), VIP/NPY/ENK (6.6%), and VIP/ENK (3.9%) [36]. In rat it was found that NPY was predominant in the neurons from which the postganglionic fibers extend to the Harderian gland [36].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…These substances colocalized together in rat ganglion neurocytes in the following way: VIP/NPY (47.4%), VIP/NPY/ENK (6.6%), and VIP/ENK (3.9%) [36]. In rat it was found that NPY was predominant in the neurons from which the postganglionic fibers extend to the Harderian gland [36]. In pig PPG NPY was found in 25% of all neuronal perikarya, mainly in those of large diameter, where it colocalized with VIP, however, NPY-IR fibers in the PPG were scarce [37].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Distribution of cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART), neuropeptide Y (NPY) and galanin (GAL) in the pterygopalatine ganglion of the domestic duck (Anas platyrhynchos f. domestica)

Radzimirska

Bogus‐Nowakowska

Kuder

et al. 2015

Folia Histochem Cytobiol.

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Introduction. Cocaine-and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART), neuropeptide Y (NPY) and galanin (GAL) act as neurotransmitters and neuromodulators in both the central and peripheral nervous systems. Their presence has been found in different taxonomic groups, in particular in mammals. However, only few investigators have studied these neuropeptides in the class Aves (birds). The aim of the present study was to describe the distribution of CART, NPY and GAL in the pterygopalatine ganglion (PPG) of the domestic duck (Anas platyrhynchos f. domestica). Material and methods. The experiment was conducted on 16 one-year-old domestic ducks of the Pekin breed of both sexes (8 males and 8 females). Frozen sections of the PPG were subjected to immunofluorescence staining using primary mouse monoclonal antibodies directed against CART and GAL and rabbit polyclonal antibody directed against NPY. Secondary antibodies were conjugated with Cy3 and FITC fluorochromes. Results. CART, NPY, and GAL were present in the PPG of the domestic duck. The highest immunoreactivity (IR) in the ganglionic cells was found for CART in the majority (83-85%) of neurons of both superior (SPPG) and inferior (IPPG) PPG. CART-IR was also found in small aggregations of neurons on the medial surface of the Harderian gland, and on the course of the palatine branch of the facial nerve. CART-IR was also observed in the nerve fibers of these neurons' aggregations; however, it was low in comparison to the immunoreactivity of the perikarya. Immunoreactivity of NPY was found in ganglionic neurons, but above all in numerous fibers of the SPPG and IPPG and within aggregations on the surface of the Harderian gland. NPY-IR cells were distributed irregularly over the cross-sections of the tested aggregations, and constituted from 36% to 43% of the SPPG and from 37% to 40% of the IPPG of all cross-sectioned neurons. GAL-immunoreactive perikarya, distributed irregularly across the sections, were observed in the SPPG, where they constituted 61-65%, and in the IPPG, where they made up 50-57% of all neurons. All immunoreactive neurons were characterized by immunopositive neuroplasm and immunonegative cell nuclei.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Distribution of cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART), neuropeptide Y (NPY) and galanin (GAL) in the pterygopalatine ganglion of the domestic duck (Anas platyrhynchos f. domestica)

Radzimirska

Bogus‐Nowakowska

Kuder

et al. 2015

Folia Histochem Cytobiol.

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“…In rats, the number of neurons in SPG ranges from 4,900 to 11,000 [4,18]. Under our experimental conditions, the total number of isolated neurons per animal was 1213 ± 134 (SEM; n=3).…”

Section: Nih Public Accessmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Phase contrast and fluorescence images were acquired with a Nikon TE2000 microscope (Nikon, Japan), an Orca-ER 1394 digital CCD camera (Hamamatsu Photonics, Japan) and IPLab software (Scanalytics Inc., Fairfax, VA). Fluorescence images were obtained with a filter set containing an excitation filter at 480 ± 15 nm, a dichroic beam splitter of 505 nm (LP) and an emission filter at 535 ± 20 nm (B-2E/C, Nikon) and pseudocolored with IPLab software.In rats, the number of neurons in SPG ranges from 4,900 to 11,000 [4,18]. Under our experimental conditions, the total number of isolated neurons per animal was 1213 ± 134 (SEM; n=3).…”

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confidence: 99%

Electrophysiological and immunofluorescence characterization of Ca2+ channels of acutely isolated rat sphenopalatine ganglion neurons

Margas

Ruiz‐Velasco

2007

Neuroscience Letters

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SummaryThe sphenopalatine ganglion (SPG) is the main parasympathetic ganglion that is involved in regulating cerebral vascular tone and gland secretion. SPG neurons have been implicated in some types of migraine headaches but their precise role has yet to be determined. In addition, very little information is available regarding ion channel modulation by neurotransmitters that are involved in the parasympathetic drive of SPG neurons. In this study, acute isolation of adult rat SPG neurons was developed in order to begin the electrophysiological characterization of this ganglion. Under our dissociation conditions, the average number of neurons obtained per ganglion was greater than 1200.Immunofluorescence imaging results showed positive labeling with acethylcholinesterase (AChE), confirming the parasympathetic nature of SPG neurons. On the other hand, weak tyrosine hydroxylase immunostaining was observed in these neurons. Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings revealed that most of the Ca 2+ current is carried by N-type (53%) and SNX-482 resistant R-type (30%) Ca 2+ channels. In addition, Ca 2+ currents were inhibited in a voltage-dependent manner following exposure to oxotremorine-M (Oxo-M), norepinephrine and ATP via muscarinic acetylcholine receptor 2 (M 2 AChR) subtype, adrenergic and P2Y purinergic receptors, respectively. The peptides VIP and angiotensin II failed to modulate Ca 2+ currents, suggesting that these receptors are not present on the SPG soma or do not couple to Ca 2+ channels. In summary, our data suggest that the Ca 2+ current inhibition mediated by Oxo-M, NE and ATP in adult rat SPG neurons plays an integral part in maintaining parasympathetic control of cranial functions. Keywords sphenopalatine ganglion; parasympathetic; N-type Ca 2+ channels; whole-cell patch-clamp; immunofluorescenceThe sphenopalatine ganglion (SPG) is part of the parasympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system and is located in the pterygopalatine fossa beneath the maxillary nerve [7]. SPG neurons receive projections from the superior salivatory nucleus and both sympathetic and sensory neurons course through the ganglion as well [7]. SPG neurons innervate the cerebral vasculature, nasal, palatine and lacrimal glands, and thus, regulate cerebral blood flow and secretion from the aforementioned glands [8]. Few electrophysiological studies have been undertaken to examine signaling mechanisms that couple Ca 2+ channels and G protein-coupledCorresponding author: Victor Ruiz-Velasco, Department of Anesthesiology, H187, Penn State College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033-0850, Phone: 717-531-6076, FAX: 717-531-6221, e-mail: vruizvelasco@psu.edu Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the producti...

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Comprehensive immunofluorescence and lectin binding analysis of vibrissal follicle sinus complex innervation in the mystacial pad of the rat

et al. 1997

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The innervation of the vibrissal follicle sinus complexes (FSCs) in the mystacial pad of the rat was examined by lectin binding histofluorescence with the B subunit of Griffonia simplicifolia (GSA) and by immunofluorescence with a wide variety of antibodies for neuronal related structural proteins, enzymes, and peptides. Only anti-protein gene product 9.5 labeled all sets of innervation. Several types of mechanoreceptors were distributed to specific different targets by medium to large caliber myelinated axons. All were positive for 200 kDa neurofilament subunit, peripherin, and carbonic anhydrase. Their endings expressed synaptophysin. Labeling for the 160 kDa neurofilament subunit, calbindin, and parvalbumin varied. Anti-Schwann cell protein S100 was completely co-extensive with the axons, terminal arbors, and endings of the mechanoreceptor afferents including Merkel innervation. At least 15 different sets of unmyelinated innervation were evident based upon distribution and labeling characteristics. They consisted of four basic types: 1) peptidergic; 2) GSA binding; 3) peptidergic and GSA binding; and 4) nonpeptidergic and GSA negative (peptide-/GSA-). Previous studies had not revealed that several major sets of unmyelinated innervation were peptide-/GSA-. The unmyelinated innervation had detectable peripherin but not 160 kDa or 200 kDa neurofilament subunits. GSA-positive axons uniquely lacked anti-S100 immunoreactivity. The dense circumferentially oriented unmyelinated innervation of the inner conical body contained major sets of peptide-/GSA- and GSA innervation as well as a smaller peptidergic GSA component. A small contingent of sympathetic and possibly parasympathetic innervation was affiliated with microvasculature in the FSCs. This study confirms and refutes some previous hypotheses about biochemical and morphological relationships between peripheral innervation and sensory ganglion cells.

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Distribution of Neuropeptides in Rat Pterygopalatine Ganglion: Light and Electron Microscopic Immunohistochemical Studies.

Cited by 29 publications

References 27 publications

Distribution of cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART), neuropeptide Y (NPY) and galanin (GAL) in the pterygopalatine ganglion of the domestic duck (Anas platyrhynchos f. domestica)

Distribution of cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART), neuropeptide Y (NPY) and galanin (GAL) in the pterygopalatine ganglion of the domestic duck (Anas platyrhynchos f. domestica)

Electrophysiological and immunofluorescence characterization of Ca2+ channels of acutely isolated rat sphenopalatine ganglion neurons

Comprehensive immunofluorescence and lectin binding analysis of vibrissal follicle sinus complex innervation in the mystacial pad of the rat

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