Distribution of Pesticides, PAHs, PCBs, and Bioavailable Metals in Depositional Sediments of the Lower Missouri River, USA

Abstract

The lower Missouri River was studied to determine the distribution of selected persistent organic pollutants and bioavailable metals in depositional sediments. Nineteen sites between Omaha, Nebraska and Jefferson City, Missouri were sampled. This stretch of the river receives point-source and non-point-source inputs from industrial, urban, and agricultural activities. As part of an ecological assessment of the river, concentrations of 29 legacy organochlorine pesticides (OC pesticides), including chlordanes, DDTs, and hexachlorocyclohexanes; a select list of current-use pesticides, including trifluralin, diazinon, chlorpyrifos, and permethrin, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), divalent metals (copper, nickel, zinc, cadmium, and lead), and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) were determined. Concentrations (dry weight basis) of OC pesticides in the sediments were less than 1 ng/g, with the exception of the backwater sediment collected from the mouth of the Blue River in the Kansas City metropolitan area, which contained up to 20 ng/g total chlordane, 8.1 ng/g p,p'-DDE, 1.5 ng/g lindane, 4.8 ng/g dieldrin, and 3 ng/g endrin. Concentrations of chlorpyrifos and permethrin ranged from less than 1 ng/g to 5.5 ng/g and 44 ng/g, respectively. Concentrations of PCBs ranged from less than 11 ng/g to 250 ng/g, with the Blue River and Sibley sediments containing 100 and 250 ng/g total PCBs, respectively. Concentrations of total PAHs at 17 of the 19 sites ranged from 250 to 700 ng/g, whereas the Riverfront and Blue River sites in Kansas City contained 1100 ng/g and nearly 4000 ng/g, respectively. Concentrations of the metals did not vary significantly among most sites; however, the Blue River site contained elevated concentrations of zinc (104 microg/g), cadmium (0.7 microg/g), and lead (34 microg/g) compared to the other sites. The moderately high concentrations of acid-volatile sulfide in the sediments suggest a low potential for metal toxicity to benthic organisms along this reach of the Missouri River. The depositional area sediments contained concentrations of the targeted persistent organic chemicals and metals that were below published probable effect level concentrations.

Testing decontaminated sediments as a substrate for ornamentals in field nursery plantations

“…The most common pollutants connected to these anthropogenic activities are generally heavy metals (Echols et al, 2008;Bartoli et al, 2012) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) (Masciandaro et al, 2014).…”

Specific detection of bioavailable phenanthrene and mercury by bacterium reporters in the red soil

“…A number of studies have investigated the use of various extractions as determinants for bioavailability (Echols et al 2008;Deepthike et al 2009). However, these methods seem to be imperfect for the reason that chemical solvent extractions, such as acetone and methanol, may not only interfere with the physiology of bacterial reporters, but also do not reflect the true bioavailability in the environment.…”

Sulfetos volatilizáveis por acidificação e metais extraídos simultaneamente na avaliação de sedimentos de água doce

“…52 Gravimetria com íons prata, 53 espectrofotometria pelo método do azul de metileno [54][55][56] ou, ainda, a determinação potenciométrica usando eletrodo íon seletivo (EIS) 57,58 são os métodos mais citados na literatura. Há variações no método de extração, as quais podem seguir o mesmo princípio do original 59 ou utilizar a técnica dos filmes finos.…”

“…61,[93][94][95][96][97][98] Na Tabela 2 são apresentados valores típicos de SVA e MES encontrados em diferentes partes do mundo, em locais sob as mais diversas influências antrópicas. 14,57,66,[99][100][101] Com relação ainda à mineralogia, Morse e Rickard 46 afirmam que a dinâmica química dos SVA é de difícil entendimento, já que sua constituição pode ser bastante variada. São sólidos compostos predominantemente por sulfetos de ferro, como a mackinawita (FeS tetragonal), greigita (Fe 3 S 4 cúbico), troilita (FeS hexagonal), pirrotitas (Fe 1-x S hexagonal), pirita (FeS 2 cúbico) e marcasita (FeS 2 ortorrôm-bico), com destaque para os dois primeiros.…”