Distribution of serotypes and antibiotic resistance among pneumococci in Northern Ireland

Lafong, A C; Crothers, E.; Bamford, Kathleen B.; Rooney, Paul J.

doi:10.1016/s0163-4453(88)97556-1

Cited by 23 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…These studies, however, are based on different populations, and extrapolations may be inappropriate. Resistance appears to remain <1% in Northern Ireland (155).…”

Section: Note On Nomenclature and Criteria Of Resistancementioning

confidence: 96%

Pneumococcal resistance to antibiotics

1990

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The geographic distribution of pneumococci resistant to one or more of the antibiotics penicillin, erythromycin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and tetracycline appears to be expanding, and there exist foci of resistance to chloramphenicol and rifampin. Multiply resistant pneumococci are being encountered more commonly and are more often community acquired. Factors associated with infection caused by resistant pneumococci include young age, duration of hospitalization, infection with a pneumococcus of serogroup 6, 19, or 23 or serotype 14, and exposure to antibiotics to which the strain is resistant. At present, the most useful drugs for the management of resistant pneumococcal infections are cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, vancomycin, and rifampin. If the strains are susceptible, chloramphenicol may be useful as an alternative, less expensive agent. Appropriate interventions for the control of resistant pneumococcal outbreaks include investigation of the prevalence of resistant strains, isolation of patients, possible treatment of carriers, and reduction of usage of antibiotics to which the strain is resistant. The molecular mechanisms of penicillin resistance are related to the structure and function of penicillin-binding proteins, and the mechanisms of resistance to other agents involved in multiple resistance are being elucidated. Recognition is increasing of the standard screening procedure for penicillin resistance, using a 1-microgram oxacillin disk.

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“…These studies, however, are based on different populations, and extrapolations may be inappropriate. Resistance appears to remain <1% in Northern Ireland (155).…”

Section: Note On Nomenclature and Criteria Of Resistancementioning

confidence: 96%

Pneumococcal resistance to antibiotics

1990

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“…This interaction necessitates antigenic stimulation via the (www.pneumoworld.com) and the PROTEKT study (Felmingham et al, 2002;Reinert et al, 2001a) (www.protekt.com) and a study by Bozdogan et al focussing on eastern European countries (Bozdogan et al, 2003). For countries not covered in these studies the following sources were used: Poland (Hryniewicz, 2003;Semczuk et al, 2004;Skoczynska and Hryniewicz, 2003), United Kingdom and Wales (Miller et al, 2000), Scotland (Kyaw et al, 2003;Kyaw et al, 2002b), Republic of Ireland , Northern Ireland (Lafong et al, 1988), Slovak Republic (Trupl et al, 1997), Czech Republic (Urbaskova et al, 1996), The Netherlands (Hermans et al, 1997;Spanjaard et al, 2000), Hungary (Dobay et al, 2003;Marton, 1992;Marton et al, 1991), Greece Syriopoulou et al, 2000), Sweden (Eriksson et al, 2000), Bulgaria (Setchanova, 1995;Setchanova and Tomasz, 1999). Marked differences in penicillin G resistance exist locally within some countries, e.g.…”

Section: Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines—a European perspective

Reinert

2004

International Journal of Medical Microbiology

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“…Individual antibiotics were chosen based on the evidence of predominant organisms and their sensitivities, from both local and national data 4–9 . Antibiotic acceptability to the patient, cost‐effectiveness, ease and minimal frequency of administration by junior medical or nursing staff were also considered, as they were thought likely to influence compliance with the protocol.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent studies confirm that, except during outbreaks of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection, the predominant bacterial respiratory pathogens are Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella (Branhamella) catarrhalis. 4 , 5 Sensitivities of these organisms are well documented both locally and nationally 6–8 . In theory, this should lead to simple, spectrum‐targeted, cost‐effective prescribing patterns such as those recommended in the British Thoracic Society Guidelines 9 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Community‐acquired Lower Respiratory Tract Infection: Implementation of an Antibiotic Protocol

Menown

Archbold

Bamford

et al. 1997

Int J Clinical Practice

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SUMMARY Enthusiastic formulation of clinical guidelines continues to increase but although theoretical difficulties in guideline implementation have been recognised, little attention has been paid to their effectiveness in everyday clinical practice. The introduction of a protocol for empirical treatment of lower respiratory tract infection (PETRI) to an acute medical take‐in unit in Belfast is described. Early involvement of all relevant staff, preparation of user‐friendly flow charts, and imaginative publicity, resulted in an initial implementation rate of 75%. The role of implementation as a significant rate‐limiting step in the audit cycle is emphasised.

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Distribution of serotypes and antibiotic resistance among pneumococci in Northern Ireland

Cited by 23 publications

References 26 publications

Pneumococcal resistance to antibiotics

Pneumococcal resistance to antibiotics

Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines—a European perspective

Community‐acquired Lower Respiratory Tract Infection: Implementation of an Antibiotic Protocol

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