Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines—a European perspective

Reinert, Ralf René

doi:10.1016/j.ijmm.2004.04.004

Cited by 60 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 150 publications

(138 reference statements)

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“…Therefore, the isolates may not be fully representative of all isolates causing IPD in Germany. In addition, the possibility that temporal (4, 13) and regional (5,12,23) changes in serotype distribution have occurred must be kept in mind when the results of this study are interpreted. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae with Age in Invasive Pneumococcal Disease

Imöhl¹,

Reinert²,

Ocklenburg

et al. 2010

J Clin Microbiol

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A total of 7,764 isolates from patients with invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) were collected from 1992 to June 2006. Data on serotypes were available for 5,022 isolates (64.7% of all invasive isolates). Some 54.0% of the isolates originated from adults >16 years of age, and 46.0% were from children <16 years of age. The leading serotypes were 14, 23F, 1, 6B, 7F, 3, and 4. The serotypes significantly more common in children were 14, 6B, 19F, and 18C, while among adults, serotypes 3 and 4 were predominant. Serotype 7F was statistically more prevalent among children <4 months old than among the other age groups. Among children aged >4 months and <1 year, serotype 19F occurred statistically more frequently; and among children aged >1 year to <5 years, serotypes 14, 6B, and 18C were overrepresented. The serotypes predominantly affecting patients younger than the remaining collective of patients were 14, 6B, 19F, and 18C, while patients with IPD caused by serotypes 3, 4, and 9V were older than the collective, on average.Streptococcus pneumoniae is among the most important pathogens in bacterial pneumonia, sepsis, and meningitis worldwide (1). The capsular polysaccharide of S. pneumoniae is known to be an important factor in the pathogenicity of the organism (7), and associations of the capsular serotypes with the severity of invasive pneumococcal diseases (IPDs) have been described (2,14). IPDs are known to be much more frequent among young children and elderly persons than among older children and middle-aged adults (25). The results of several studies of the frequencies of pneumococcal serotypes and pneumococcal vaccine coverage have been published, but only few data on the serotype distribution among children and adults or different age groups are available. Studies from the United States (10,19,25), Canada (18), England and Wales (21), and Denmark (9), as well as the available meta-analyses (4, 15), refer to a diversity of age intervals. Although some studies contain statistics on the serotypes covered by the seven-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) and those not covered by the vaccine, no information on the association of individual serotypes with age are given. Another meta-analysis reported on the relative risk (odds ratio) of IPD caused by the various serotypes among all age groups subdivided into 10-year bands (26). Furthermore, in a 19-year nationwide surveillance study from Denmark, statistical analyses of the serotype distribution with age have been performed, but that study included only children aged 0 to 6 years (16). Some statistical data about individual serotypes and their association with age can also be found in the report of a study from the United States on the increased prevalence of pediatric pneumococcal serotypes in elderly adults. However, the study contained data only for adults aged Ն35 years (5).The aim of the study described here was to evaluate the association of serotypes of S. pneumoniae with age in IPD among isolates from all age groups sent to the German National Refere...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae with Age in Invasive Pneumococcal Disease

Imöhl¹,

Reinert²,

Ocklenburg

et al. 2010

J Clin Microbiol

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“…3,4 In these countries, the number of meningitis cases due to Hib has decreased dramatically 5,6 and the number of cases of invasive pneumococcal disease has been decreasing gradually. 4,[7][8][9][10] In Japan, on the other hand, the incidence rate of bacterial meningitis is estimated to be between 10 and 13 per 100 000 in children aged less than 5 years. 11 According to the 2005 and 2006 large-scale surveillance carried out by Sunakawa et al, 12 55% of these cases were caused by Hib and 19.5% by S. pneumoniae.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid detection of eight causative pathogens for the diagnosis of bacterial meningitis by real-time PCR

Chiba

Murayama

Morozumi

et al. 2009

Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy

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“…Thus, our results appear to show a potential background for a similar serotype replacement due to the national PCV7 vaccination in Turkey. Penicillin has been universally effective in treating IPD, but the emergence of resistant strains is causing problems (18,21). The prevalence of PNS pneumococci appears to be on the rise in Turkey (25).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae Isolates from Children with Invasive Pneumococcal Disease in Turkey: Baseline Evaluation of the Introduction of the Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Nationwide

Ceyhan

Gürler

Yaman

et al. 2011

Clin Vaccine Immunol

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Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines—a European perspective

Cited by 60 publications

References 150 publications

Association of Serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae with Age in Invasive Pneumococcal Disease

Association of Serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae with Age in Invasive Pneumococcal Disease

Rapid detection of eight causative pathogens for the diagnosis of bacterial meningitis by real-time PCR

Serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae Isolates from Children with Invasive Pneumococcal Disease in Turkey: Baseline Evaluation of the Introduction of the Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Nationwide

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