Distribution of Serum Total Protein in Elderly Chinese

Tian, Changrong; Li, Qian; Shen, Xiaozhu; Li, Jiajing; Wen, Jiang-tao

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0101242

Cited by 24 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Total protein is a marker reflecting nutritional status and is closely related to the immune system. 18 Albumin is the most abundant plasma protein reflecting the nutritional status and synthesis of serum; ALB is inhibited by malnutrition and inflammation. 19 , 20 The current study showed that the ALB level was lower in asthma group, revealing that exacerbated asthma may contribute to malnutrition in children.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combined score of C-reactive protein level and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio: A novel marker in distinguishing children with exacerbated asthma

Zhu

Zhou

et al. 2021

Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol

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Background Both C-reactive protein (CRP) level and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) are commonly elevated in patients with asthma. It is necessary to develop a novel marker, the combined score of CRP level and NLR (C-NLR score) based on cutoff points of CRP and NLR, and apply it in asthma diagnosis. The aim of this study was to explore whether C-NLR could distinguish children with exacerbated asthma. Methods Children suffering from exacerbated asthma were regarded as the asthmatic group ( n = 86), which was divided into three groups: mild ( n = 54), moderate ( n = 17), and severe ( n = 15). The control group consisted of children without any allergic disease and infection ( n = 38). To compare CRP level and NLR between the asthmatic group and control group, a receiver-operating characteristic curve was constructed to determine area under the curve (AUC) and optimal cutoff point. Thereafter, the C-NLR score was classified as follows: C-NLR score of 2 with an elevated CRP level and high NLR, a C-NLR score of 1 with one of these abnormalities, and a C-NLR score of 0 with a normal CRP level and low NLR. The C-NLR score was then compared among different asthma groups. Results In the control group, the CRP level and NLR were 1.9 (0.5–2.6) mg/L and 1.01 (0.69–1.31), respectively. In the asthmatic group, the CRP level and NLR were 7.3 (3.2–14.2) mg/L and 3.08 (1.73–5.34), respectively, which were higher than those in the control group ( p < 0.001 for CRP and p < 0.001 for NLR). The AUC of CRP was 0.86, and the optimal cutoff point was 3.6 mg/L. The AUC of NLR was 0.86, and the optimal cutoff point was 1.72. The AUC of the C-NLR score was 0.94, and the optimal cutoff point was 1. Conclusions C-NLR, a novel inflammatory marker, was applied here for the exacerbated asthma for the first time. Our study has shown C-NLR is a promising marker to distinguish children with exacerbated asthma from healthy children.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combined score of C-reactive protein level and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio: A novel marker in distinguishing children with exacerbated asthma

Zhu

Zhou

et al. 2021

Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol

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“…Glu, which is an energy source of living cells and the intermediate product of metabolism, can be regulated by endocrine hormones 23 . Serum protein cannot only transport and regulate a variety of metabolites, but also maintain normal blood colloid osmotic pressure and PH, so that the serum TP is often used in the monitoring of body's nutritional status 24 . Similarly, Marianna et al 25 found significant changes in the metabolic components of follicular fluid in patients with endometriosis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of serum markers in diagnosis and staging of ovarian endometriosis

Tang

Lai

Huang

et al. 2021

J of Obstet and Gynaecol

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Aims Laparoscopic surgery is widely used for diagnosing ovarian endometriosis but it has medical risks. This study explored the application of blood indicators in diagnosis and staging of ovarian endometriosis, aiming to develop a noninvasive diagnostic method. Methods A total of 190 ovarian endometriosis patients were included in observation group, among these participants, 77 patients among them were stages I–II, and the rest 113 patients were stages III–IV, and a total of 103 healthy women as control group. Serum biochemical indexes, tumor markers, and cytokines levels in two groups were used for the diagnosis and staging of the disease. Area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) predicted the value of individual and joint tests for indicators. Results Biochemical indexes, namely, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total protein (TP), and glucose (Glu) could distinguish patients from normal women; and that ALP and Glu could indicate disease staging. In tumor markers, alpha fetoprotein (AFP), carcinoembryonic antigen (CA) 125, CA199 and human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) helped to diagnose endometriosis; CA125, HE4, and cytokeratin 19 fragment (CYFRA21‐1) could differentiate stages. In cytokines, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α, interleukin (IL)‐6, soluble fms‐like tyrosine kinase receptor 1 (sflt‐1), monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)‐1 therefore, have values to diagnose endometriosis; VEGF, TNF‐α, IL‐6, and sflt‐1 helped to differentiate disease staging. Conclusion Serological indicators in ovarian endometriosis patients were different from healthy women, which were of certain differential values in diagnosis and disease staging. The current study provided a novel strategy for endometriosis diagnosis.

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“…These studies, therefore, corroborate the fact that gender difference can also affect the TSP levels in the body as females and males have different metabolic mechanisms that the body uses for the production and the processing of the proteins in the body. Also, different proteins are produced in the bodies according to the gender and they are produced at different levels in both males and females [2]. The difference of the reference ranges could also be due to the difference in methods, geographical factors, or the normal physiological factors that take place in the body at specified times, e.g., hormonal regulation (puberty and ovulation) [17].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Children also tend to have low total plasma because of the type of diet intake while the adolescents have elevated protein levels because of the excessive production of hormones during puberty. Hormones are made up of proteins and contribute to the TSP in the body [2].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Albumin constitutes 65% of the TSP present in the blood and it is responsible for the transport of substances such as unconjugated bilirubin and some hormones. It is responsible for the maintenance of the 80% colloid osmotic pressure in the blood and is used as a long-term indicator for malnutrition; hence, the diagnoses of nutrition-related chronic deficiencies [2]. TSP is used as a liver function test to support the diagnosis of liver disorders.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysis of Reference Ranges of Total Serum Protein in Namibia: Clinical Implications

et al. 2020

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A reference range is an essential part of clinical laboratory test interpretation and patient care. The levels of total serum protein (TSP) are measured in sera to assess nutritional, liver, and kidney disorders. This study determined the TSP reference range with respect to gender, age, and region in Namibia. A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the TSP reference range among 78,477 healthy participants within the ages of less than one year to more than 65 years in 14 regions of Namibia. The reference range of TSP was 51-91 g/L for females and 51-92 g/L for males. A reduced TSP range of 48.00-85.55 g/L (2.5-97.5 percentiles) was established at <1-5 years and increased towards adolescence. An uttermost range of 54-93 g/L was observed from 36-65 years of age. At the age >65 years; a steady decline in the reference range (51.00-89 g/L) was recorded. An upper TSP range of 53-92 g/L (2.5-97.5 percentiles) was detected in Erongo, Zambezi, Hardap, Kavango East, and a comparable trend was also seen in Omusati with a 54-91 g/L range. Meanwhile; a reduced TSP range of 50-89 g/L was identified in Ohangwena. This study showed that gender, age, and geographical location can impact TSP levels with a significant clinical difference (p < 0.05) between each category.Proteomes 2020, 8, 7 2 of 10 also measured as part of the kidney function tests. Disorders such as glomerulonephritis are associated with decreased levels of TSP as a result of damage to the glomeruli; therefore, affecting the filtration that leads to excretion of protein into the urine. The loss of proteins in the urine then leads to decreased levels of proteins in the blood. An example of a kidney disorder that is associated with high TSP levels is kidney inflammation [4].Protein levels in the human body have different ranges depending on age, ethnicity, and gender. This was revealed in a study conducted in Hawaii among four different races, which indicated a wider reference range variation among the different population groups [5]. Scientific reports have shown the effects of dietary protein intake, gender, and age on TSP, and that it decreases as the person ages and the rate of decrease is more rapid in women than men, with a suggestion that an appropriate range of TSP based on age and gender differences should be used for clinical diagnostic applications [6,7].Reference ranges are sets of values used by health professionals to interpret patient results obtained from the laboratory. Reference ranges are considered as the authoritative tools for the interpretation of data and decision making in laboratory science. It is established by collecting samples from a population that is considered to be normal or healthy [8]. The collected samples are tested for the concentration of the different analytes, e.g., sodium, glucose, proteins, enzymes, and many other laboratory analytes. The results obtained are then used to determine a range that lies within the 95% confidence interval on the Gaussian distribution curve. Proteins are important in the...

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Distribution of Serum Total Protein in Elderly Chinese

Cited by 24 publications

References 23 publications

Combined score of C-reactive protein level and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio: A novel marker in distinguishing children with exacerbated asthma

Combined score of C-reactive protein level and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio: A novel marker in distinguishing children with exacerbated asthma

Application of serum markers in diagnosis and staging of ovarian endometriosis

Analysis of Reference Ranges of Total Serum Protein in Namibia: Clinical Implications

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