Distribution of somatostatin immunoreactivity in the brain of the snake Bothrops jararaca

Alponti, Rafaela Fadoni; Breno, M.C.; Mancera, J.M.; Martín-del-Río, M.P.; Silveira, Paulo Flávio

doi:10.1016/j.ygcen.2005.09.017

Cited by 7 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…In reptiles, SS‐IR cells were widely distributed in the cerebral cortex of turtles, lizards and snakes. The SS immunoreactivity was distributed in all types of cortices especially prominent in the medial and dorsomedial cortices of turtles Pseudemys scripta and Testudo hermanni (Bear and Ebner, ; Weindl et al, ), lizards Psammodromus algirus and Podarcis hispanica (Davila et al, ) and the medial, dorsomedial and dorsal cortex of snake Bothrops jararaca (Alponti et al, ). In the brain of warbling grass parakeet Melopsittacus undulates , SS‐IR cells were detected in the dorsolateral cortex (Takatsuki et al, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…( B – G ) Diagrammatic transverse sections of the parts labeled by vertical lines in the (A) from front to the back. Most of the terms referenced to the previous reports about neuroanatomy of crocodilian brains (Crosby, ; Rodrigues et al, ), and the references about distribution of SS in the brain of reptiles (Goossens et al, ; Weindl et al, ; Alponti et al, ). The abbreviations of terms in all figures are shown in Table 1.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Somatostatin (SS), a cyclic tetradecapeptide with an inhibitory role on the release of growth hormone, was first isolated in ovine hypothalamic extracts (Brazeau et al, ). Many subsequent studies have demonstrated that SS is widely distributed in the central nervous system and various peripheral organs where it acts as both a neurotransmitter/neuromodulator and a hormone to regulate various physiological processes such as neuromodulation, cell secretion, smooth muscle contractility, nutrient absorption, and cell growth (Patel, ; Alponti et al, ; Wang et al, ). The brain SS plays a central role in the regulation of feed, water and salt intake in rats, baboons and sheep (Lotter et al, ; Sunagawa et al, ; Stengel et al, ).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…SS is considered a phylogenetically ancient family of cyclical peptides, which is conserved with identical structure in representative species of all studied classes of vertebrates (Alponti et al, ; Gahete et al, ). Using an antiserum raised against synthetic SS, the distribution of SS immunoreactive (IR) perikarya and fibers was extensively investigated in the brain of various mammals and nonmammalian vertebrates, such as the rat (Johansson et al, ), the alpaca (Coveñas et al, ), the chicken (Geris et al, ), the lizard Ctenosauria pectinata (Goossens et al, ), the snake Bothrops jararaca (Alponti et al, ), the frog Rana esculenta (Vallarino et al, ) and the fish Petromyzon marinus (Yáñez et al, ). These studies indicated that SS was a neurotransmitter or neuromodulator, and widely distributed in the brain, while the distribution pattern exhibited both common and specific features among different animal species.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bear and Ebner () detected SS in the forebrain of Pseudemys turtles; Davila et al, () detected SS in the cerebral cortex of lizards Psammodromus algirus and Podarcis hispanica , in addition, SS was found in the diencephalon of the lizard Lacerta muralis ; and in the hypothalamus of the lizard Lacerta sicula (Doerr‐Schott and Dubois, ; Fasolo and Gaudino, ). The distribution pattern of SS were also investigated in the whole brain of the lizard Ctenosauria pectinata (Goossens et al, ), the turtle Testudo hermanni (Weindl et al, ) and the snake Bothrops jararaca (Alponti et al, ). Crocodilia is an important branch of reptilia, however, up to date; there is no report about the distribution of SS in the whole brain of adult crocodilians.…”

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Immunohistochemical Localization of Somatostatin in the Brain of Chinese Alligator Alligator sinensis

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2016

The Anatomical Record

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In this study, the regional distribution and histological localization of somatostatin (SS) immunoreactive (IR) perikarya and fibers was investigated for the first time in the brain of adult Chinese alligator by immunohistochemical method. The results showed SS-IR perikarya and fibers were widely distributed in various parts of the brain except for olfactory bulbs. In the telencephalon, SS-IR perikarya were predominantly located in the cellular layer and deep plexiform layer of dorsomedial and medial cortex, less in the dorsal and lateral cortex, while SS-IR fibers were found in all layers of the cerebral cortex. SS-IR perikarya and fibers were also detected in the dorsal ventricular ridge, hippocampus cortex, accessory olfactory bulb nuclearus, lenticular nucleus, and caudate nucleus. In the diencephalon, SS-IR perikarya and fibers were mainly present in supraoptic nucleus, paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus, recessus infundibular nucleus, median eminence, the pineal gland and pituitary gland, in which the IR-fibers were abundant, appearing dot-shaped and varicosity-like. In the mesencephalon, they were present in tectum cortex, ependyma of cerebral aqueduct and the periaqueductal grey matter. Additionally, they were also detected in Purkinje's cellular layer of cerebellum, in the reticularis nucleus and raphe nucleus of medulla oblongata. The distribution pattern of SS-IR perikarya and fibers in the brain of Chinese alligator is generally similar to that reported in other reptiles, but also has some specific features. The wide distribution indicated that SS might be a neurotransmitter or neuromodulator which acts on many kinds of target cells with a wide range of physiological functions. Anat Rec, 300:507-519, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Immunohistochemical Localization of Somatostatin in the Brain of Chinese Alligator Alligator sinensis

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2016

The Anatomical Record

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Distribution of somatostatin‐like immunoreactivity in the brain of the caecilian Dermophis mexicanus (amphibia: Gymnophiona): Comparative aspects in amphibians

López

Moreno

Morona

et al. 2007

J of Comparative Neurology

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The organization of the somatostatin-like-immunoreactive (SOM-ir) structures in the brain of anuran and urodele amphibians has been well documented, and significant differences were noted between the two amphibian orders. However, comparable data are not available for the third order of amphibians, the gymnophionans (caecilians). In the present study, we analyzed the anatomical distribution of SOM-ir cells and fibers in the brain of the gymnophionan Dermophis mexicanus. In addition, because of its known relationship with catecholamines in other vertebrates, double immunostaining for SOM and tyrosine hydroxylase was used to investigate this situation in the gymnophionan. Abundant SOM-ir cell bodies and fibers were widely distributed throughout the brain. In the telencephalon, pallial and subpallial cells were labeled, being most numerous in the medial pallium and amygdaloid region. Most of the SOM-ir neurons were found in the preoptic area and hypothalamus and showed a clear projection to the median eminence. Less conspicuously, SOM-ir structures were found in the thalamus, tectum, tegmentum, and reticular formation. Both SOM-ir cells and fibers were demonstrated in the spinal cord. The double-immunohistofluorescence technique revealed that catecholaminergic neurons and SOM-ir cells are largely intermingled in many brain regions but form totally separated populations. Many differences were found between the distribution of SOM-ir structures in Dermophis and that in anurans or urodeles. Some features were shared only with anurans, such as the abundant pallial SOM-ir cells, whereas others were common only to urodeles, such as the organization of the hypothalamohypophysial SOM-ir system. In addition, some characteristics were found only in Dermophis, such as the localization of the SOM-ir spinal cells and the lack of colocalization of catecholamines and SOM throughout the brain. Therefore, any conclusions concerning the SOM system in amphibians are incomplete without considering evidence for gymnophionans.

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Hypothalamic activity during altered salt and water balance in the snake Bothrops jararaca

et al. 2007

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The effects of water and salt overload on the activities of the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei and the adjacent periventricular zone of the hypothalamus of the snake Bothrops jararaca were investigated by measurements of Fos-like immunoreactivity (Fos-ir). Both water and salt overload resulted in changes in body mass, plasma osmolality, and plasma concentrations of sodium, potassium, and chloride. Hyper-osmolality increased Fos immunoreactivity in the rostral supraoptic nucleus (SON), the paraventricular nucleus (PVN), and adjacent periventricular areas. Both hyper- and hypo-osmolality increased Fos immunoreactivity in the intermediate SON, but not in other areas of the hypothalamus. Immunostaining was abundant in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-contacting tanycyte-like cells in the ependymal layer of the third ventricle. These data highlight some features of regional distribution of Fos immunoreactivity that are consistent with vasotocin functioning as a hormone, and support the role of hypothalamic structures in the response to disruption of salt and water balance in this snake.

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Distribution of somatostatin immunoreactivity in the brain of the snake Bothrops jararaca

Cited by 7 publications

References 61 publications

Immunohistochemical Localization of Somatostatin in the Brain of Chinese Alligator Alligator sinensis

Immunohistochemical Localization of Somatostatin in the Brain of Chinese Alligator Alligator sinensis

Distribution of somatostatin‐like immunoreactivity in the brain of the caecilian Dermophis mexicanus (amphibia: Gymnophiona): Comparative aspects in amphibians

Hypothalamic activity during altered salt and water balance in the snake Bothrops jararaca

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