Distribution of Two Distinct Genotypes of Citrus Greening Organism in the Ryukyu Islands of Japan

Tomimura, Kenta; Furuya, Noriko; Miyata, Sumiko; Hamashima, Akiko; Torigoe, Hiroaki; Murayama, Yuko; Okuda, Mitsuru; Subandiyah, Siti; Su, Hong‐Ji; Iwanami, Toru

doi:10.6090/jarq.44.151

Cited by 12 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The source of Las was flat lemon ( Citrus depressa Hayata.) collected on the Ryukyu Islands in Okinawa Prefecture (Japan) as described by Furuya et al [19] and Tomimura et al [20]. Las-infected leaves (namely, Ishigaki1-A) and healthy leaves were used to prepare samples for FISH assay.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Convenient Detection of the Citrus Greening (Huanglongbing) Bacterium ‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’ by Direct PCR from the Midrib Extract

2013

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A phloem-limited bacterium, ‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’ (Las) is a major pathogen of citrus greening (huanglongbing), one of the most destructive citrus diseases worldwide. The rapid identification and culling of infected trees and budwoods in quarantine are the most important control measures. DNA amplification including conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has commonly been used for rapid detection and identification. However, long and laborious procedures for DNA extraction have greatly reduced the applicability of this method. In this study, we found that the Las bacterial cells in the midribs of infected leaves were extracted rapidly and easily by pulverization and centrifugation with mini homogenization tubes. We also found that the Las bacterial cells in the midrib extract were suitable for highly sensitive direct PCR. The performance of direct PCR using this extraction method was not inferior to that of conventional PCR. Thus, the direct PCR method described herein is characterized by its simplicity, sensitivity, and robustness, and is applicable to quarantine testing.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Convenient Detection of the Citrus Greening (Huanglongbing) Bacterium ‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’ by Direct PCR from the Midrib Extract

2013

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“…Previous studies have demonstrated that SNPs are very rare in most parts of the ‘ Ca . Liberibacter asiaticus’ genome (Tomimura et al ., ; Furuya et al ., ). Finding diversity in some SSR loci in this study prompted us to look into SNP candidates around these regions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Differentiation of Indian, East Timorese, Papuan and Floridian ‘CandidatusLiberibacter asiaticus’ isolates on the basis of simple sequence repeat and single nucleotide polymorphism profiles at 25 loci

Katoh

Davis²,

Smith

et al. 2012

Annals of Applied Biology

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Japanese isolates of ‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’ have been shown to be clearly differentiated by simple sequence repeat (SSR) profiles at four loci. In this study, 25 SSR loci, including these four loci, were selected from the whole‐genome sequence and were used to differentiate non‐Japanese samples of ‘Ca. Liberibacter asiaticus’ (13 Indian, 3 East Timorese, 1 Papuan and 8 Floridian samples). Out of the 25 SSR loci, 13 were polymorphic. Dendrogram analysis using SSR loci showed that the clusters were mostly consistent with the geographical origins of the isolates. When single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were searched around these 25 loci, only the upstream region of locus 091 exhibited polymorphism. Phylogenetic tree analysis of the SNPs in the upstream region of locus 091 showed that Floridian samples were clustered into one group as shown by dendrogram analysis using SSR loci. The differences in nucleotide sequences were not associated with differences in the citrus hosts (lime, mandarin, lemon and sour orange) from which the isolates were originally derived.

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“…It may be tempting to associate these phagetype genes with pathogenicity. However, it should be noted that some Japanese highly virulent strains of Las lack the bacteriophage-type DNA polymerase region [21,22] . Further studies on the sequences of several different strains are needed to fully understand the genomic function and pathogenicity of Las.…”

Section: A Genetic Characteristics Of the Pathogenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Asian Citrus Greening and Assessment of Current Techniques for Reducing Disease Occurrences

Iwanami¹,

Tuan²,

Ichinose

et al. 2013

JASA

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Asian citrus greening (hereafter, CG) is an incurable disastrous disease of citrus, caused by the pathogen "Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus" in Asia, USA, and Brazil. This pathogen is transmitted by the citrus psyllid Diaphorina citri in these countries, and trees, once infected, die within several years. Psyllids that acquire the pathogen in their fourth or fifth instar transmit it most successfully. Since no bactericides are available for sustainable management of CG, current CG management techniques depend mainly on the control of the vector by insecticides. Monthly or every-twomonth application of neonicotinoids is perceived to be the most effective technique for vector control. Cultivational measures for CG control have also been investigated. Recently, guava interplanting has been found to be more effective on CG for about one and a half years after planting, during which it prevents CG invasion almost completely. The efficacy of guavainterplanting would be overcome by that of insecticide control in three years, though. In orchards surrounding or located in areas with dominant prevalence of CG, insufficient or inappropriate vector control allows invasion of psyllids into the orchards, resulting in severe infection of the trees with CG. None of the current management techniques can completely prevent psyllid invasion. Thus, regardless of the management programs that may be undertaken, CG expansion is inevitable. Irrespective of the knowledge accumulated on CG in the past decades, the extent to which individual management techniques can contribute to reduce CG remains unclear. Here, we review the management techniques for CG and attempt to evaluate the efficiency of individual techniques in reducing CG occurrence.

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Distribution of Two Distinct Genotypes of Citrus Greening Organism in the Ryukyu Islands of Japan

Cited by 12 publications

References 13 publications

Convenient Detection of the Citrus Greening (Huanglongbing) Bacterium ‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’ by Direct PCR from the Midrib Extract

Convenient Detection of the Citrus Greening (Huanglongbing) Bacterium ‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’ by Direct PCR from the Midrib Extract

Differentiation of Indian, East Timorese, Papuan and Floridian ‘CandidatusLiberibacter asiaticus’ isolates on the basis of simple sequence repeat and single nucleotide polymorphism profiles at 25 loci

Asian Citrus Greening and Assessment of Current Techniques for Reducing Disease Occurrences

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