Distribution of uranium in German bottled and tap water

Uranium in groundwater — Fertilizers versus geogenic sources

“…Zielinski et al (2000Zielinski et al ( , 2006 have also demonstrated the presence of fertilizer-derived uranium in groundwater and runoff via isotope analyses. Birke et al (2009Birke et al ( , 2010 have confirmed the vulnerability of groundwater to uranium from fertilizers and other anthropogenic sources. Hamamo et al (1995) have measured that uranium does not accumulate in the soil and concluded that it must be leached into the groundwater due to its mobility.…”

“…The dominant groundwater facies is Ca-Mg-HCO 3 but regionally Ca-Mg-SO 4 type can be also found. In the Keuper sedimentary rocks higher geogenic Uranium concentrations in groundwater (N 2 μg/L) are associated to sandstone hosted secondary uranium enrichments of uraninite and coffinite and have been described by several authors (Barthel, 1977;Birke et al, 2010;Knolle et al, 2008;LfU, 2001).…”

“…Birke et al (2010) and Knolle (2009) have reported that Permo-Triassic sedimentary rocks contribute most to the uranium concentration of tap water and bottled waters in Germany.…”

Comparative study between bottled mineral and tap water in Italy

“…Only one bottled mineral water has concentrations above the latter guideline, however care should be applied in the everyday use of these waters for human use as there is a general consensus to keep as low as possible the intake of radioactive elements (Birke et al, 2010c).…”

Illite-supported nanoscale zero-valent iron for removal of 238U from aqueous solution: characterization, reactivity and mechanism

“…Uranium is an actinide element naturally existing in rocks and soils [1][2][3]. Since ancient times, uranium has been used as a colorant in ceramic glazes and glassmaking industry [4].…”