Distribution of Vibrio cholerae virulence genes among different Vibrio species isolated in Sardinia, Italy

Sechi, Leonardo Antonio; Dupré, Ilaria; Deriu, Antonella; Fadda, Guido; Zanetti, Stefania Anna Lucia

doi:10.1046/j.1365-2672.2000.00982.x

Cited by 71 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The plasmids were transformed into E. coli JM109 competent cells, and the sequence of the cloned genes in the vector pMD 18-T was confirmed by DNA sequencing (Invitrogen Biotech, Shanghai, China). Previous studies have shown the distribution of different virulence genes among V. cholerae, V. mimicus, V. alginolyticus and V. parahaemolyticus (Ghosh et al, 1997;Sechi et al, 2000;Shi et al, 1998;Shinoda and Nakagawa, 2004;Xie et al, 2005). Our results indicate that the virulence genes such as toxS, flaB and flaC are widely distributed among different vibrios, whereas zot and tcpA only exit in a few vibrios.…”

supporting

confidence: 51%

“…ebi.ac.uk/clustalw/), and the primers were designed from the homogenous region of the zot gene from V. mimicus (AY207857). For the amplification of the toxS gene, the primers described by Sechi et al (2000) were used. For the amplification of the tcpA gene, nucleotide sequences of V. cholerae O1 (AF536869), V. cholerae O1 (AF512414), V. mimicus (AF31578) and V. mimicus (DQ356010) were aligned, and the primers for PCR were designed from the homogenous region of the tcpA gene of V. mimicus (AF315787).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…1). The zot gene was found to be present in some strains of V. cholerae (Fasano et al, 1991), V. mimicus (Chowdhury et al, 1994) and V. alginolyticus (Raja et al, 2001;Sechi et al, 2000).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Distribution of five vibrio virulence-related genes among Vibrio harveyi isolates

Bai

Pang

et al. 2008

J. Gen. Appl. Microbiol.

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Vibrio are widely distributed in aquatic environments (Thompson et al., 2006) and are commonly associated with marine living species and include many important pathogens for farmed animals and humans who consume contaminated seafood or polluted drinking water. Pathogenic mechanisms are only clearly understood for V. cholerae and V. parahaemolyticus, but not for the majority of other vibrios (Faruque et al., 1998;Nishibuchi and Kaper, 1995;Thompson et al., 2006). Many virulence genes have been elucidated, including the tdh gene (coding thermostable direct haemolysin) in V. parahemolyticus, ctxAB genes (coding the potent cholera toxin) in V. cholera and others (Faruque et al., 1998;Nishibuchi and Kaper, 1995).Zot (zonula occludens toxin) was first discovered in V. cholerae, and has the ability to increase the permeability of the small intestinal mucosa by affecting the structure of the intercellular tight junction, or zonula occludens (Fasano et al., 1991). The toxS gene was also first discovered in V. cholerae, and lies downstream from the toxR gene, which encodes the transcriptional activator for the cholera toxin (ctx ) operon in V. cholerae (Dirita and Mekalanos, 1991;Miller et al., 1989). toxS acts in conjunction with toxR to activate expression of the ctx operon (Miller et al., 1989). tcpA is an important virulence gene of V. cholerae, encoding the major subunit of the toxin-coregulation pilus (TCP), which exerts important roles in infection as the colonization factor (Faast et al., 1989). The importance of the flagellum in virulence has been demonstrated for several species, as either a motility organelle or an organelle that carries an adhesive component (Lee et al., 2006;Milton et al., 1996). V. cholerae contains five different structural genes of the flagellum: flgI, flgJ, flgM, flgL and flaA, and these genes encode the Pand L-ring proteins, the hook-associated proteins 1,3 and the flagellin core protein of the flagellum, respectively (Das et al., 1998).V. harveyi is a serious pathogen of marine animals . However, the virulence factors of V. harveyi are not completely understood. Previous studies have shown that the virulence factors, such as VHH haemolysin, protease, phospholipse, lipopolysaccharide and bacteriocin-like substances may contribute to the virulence of this species Zhang et al., 2001). It has been proposed that the virulence genes could be horizontally transferred among Vibrio spp. (Waldor and Mekalanos, 1996). Previously, we found that the vhh/tlh haemolysin gene and toxR gene exit in all V. harveyi strains detected (Pang et al

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confidence: 51%

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confidence: 99%

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Distribution of five vibrio virulence-related genes among Vibrio harveyi isolates

Bai

Pang

et al. 2008

J. Gen. Appl. Microbiol.

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“…Additionally, the genome contained homologs of many virulence genes that are commonly found in Vibrio species pathogenic to human and other animals. Wide distribution of virulence genes among coastal, estuarine, and riverine Vibrio species, including V. parahaemolyticus, V. cholerae non-O1, Vibrio mimicus, Vibrio hollisae, Vibrio fluvialis, and V. alginolyticus are well known (59)(60)(61); however, finding these virulence genes in a deep-sea Vibrio sp. raises a significant question whether pathogenicity genes, in addition to pathogenicity for humans and other animals, are in fact providing ecological functions in the natural environment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deep-sea hydrothermal vent bacteria related to human pathogenic Vibrio species

Hasan

Grim

Lipp

et al. 2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Vibrio species are both ubiquitous and abundant in marine coastal waters, estuaries, ocean sediment, and aquaculture settings worldwide. We report here the isolation, characterization, and genome sequence of a novel Vibrio species, Vibrio antiquarius, isolated from a mesophilic bacterial community associated with hydrothermal vents located along the East Pacific Rise, near the southwest coast of Mexico. Genomic and phenotypic analysis revealed V. antiquarius is closely related to pathogenic Vibrio species, namely Vibrio alginolyticus, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio harveyi, and Vibrio vulnificus, but sufficiently divergent to warrant a separate species status. The V. antiquarius genome encodes genes and operons with ecological functions relevant to the environment conditions of the deep sea and also harbors factors known to be involved in human disease caused by freshwater, coastal, and brackish water vibrios. The presence of virulence factors in this deep-sea Vibrio species suggests a far more fundamental role of these factors for their bacterial host. Comparative genomics revealed a variety of genomic events that may have provided an important driving force in V. antiquarius evolution, facilitating response to environmental conditions of the deep sea.W ith more than 110 recognized species, the genus Vibrio comprises a diverse group of heterotrophic bacteria, of which many are known pathogens, causing disease in animals and humans (1, 2). Vibrio cholerae is the most notorious because it is the causative agent of cholera. Vibrio vulnificus and Vibrio parahaemolyticus cause severe illness in humans and are associated with consumption of contaminated seafood (3, 4). Vibrio harveyi (5), Vibrio anguillarum (6, 7), and V. parahaemolyticus (8) continue to cause substantial economic losses to the aquaculture industry worldwide.Vibrios demonstrate a wide range of niche specialization: for example, free-living, attached to biotic and abiotic surfaces, and resident in both estuarine and marine habitats (9). The deep sea constitutes the largest habitat of the biosphere that supports microbial communities across three domains of life and represents an environment where physiochemical parameters-such as low temperature, high salinity, and high pressure-modulate community structure (10, 11). Several studies have shown the presence of physiologically, metabolically, and phylogenetically diverse mesophilic microbial communities in the deep sea, including Vibrio species (12-15). Barotolerant Vibrio spp. have been isolated from deep-sea sediment and from the gut microflora of invertebrates and fish collected from a variety of deepsea habitats, including hydrothermal vents (16,17). For example, strains of Vibrio, Aeromonas, and Pseudomonas spp. were isolated from mud-water samples collected at a depth of 4,940 m, 150 miles east of Cape Canaveral, Florida (18). Several culturedependent and -independent studies have confirmed the ubiquity of vibrios, and suggested Vibrio populations generally comprise approximately 1% (by molecular...

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“…Em casos raros, a infecção por V. parahaemolyticus pode ser fatal (7) . O gene ToxR está presente em todas as cepas de V. parahaemolyticus (9)(10)(11) , podendo ser encontrado em isolados patogênicos ou não patogênicos (12) . Este gene possui um fragmento de 368 pares de base (pdb) específico para Vibrio parahaemolyticus que é encontrado em todos os isolados (13) .…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

FORMAÇÃO DE BIOFILME APÓS ESTRESSE SUBLETAL POR Vibrio parahaemolyticus ISOLADOS DE CAMARÃO-ROSA (Farfantepenaeus paulensis)

et al. 2017

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ResumoO consumo de frutos do mar, como o camarão-rosa, contaminados com V. parahaemolyticus pode causar gastrenterite aguda. O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar a capacidade de V. parahaemolyticus isolados de camarões provenientes do estuário da Lagoa dos Patos formarem biofilme após exposição a diferentes tipos de estresse subletal. Para obtenção das amostras, foram realizadas 12 coletas de Farfantepenaeus paulensis, durante o período de safra de 2016. As amostras foram analisadas quanto à presença de V. parahaemolyticus. As cepas foram avaliadas quanto à capacidade de produção de biofilme em placas de microtitulação, tanto antes como após serem submetidas a diferentes tipos de estresse subletal. V. parahaemolyticus foi isolado de 16,66% (2/12) das amostras. Uma das duas cepas isoladas foi capaz de formar biofilme, sendo classificada como fraca formadora de biofilme, a outra foi classificada como não formadora de biofilme. Nenhuma das cepas alterou sua capacidade de formar biofilme quando submetida aos estresses de 4 ºC e 20 ºC; contudo, com relação aos estresses de 42 ºC e pH ácido, cada cepa respondeu de uma maneira diferente. Palavras-chave: camarão-rosa; contaminação; doenças transmitidas por alimentos. AbstractConsumption of seafood, such as pink shrimp, contaminated by V. parahaemolyticus can cause acute gastroenteritis. The objective this study was to verify the ability of V. parahaemolyticus isolated from shrimp from Lagoa dos Patos estuary to form biofilm after exposure to different types of sublethal stress. To obtain the samples, 12 collections of Farfantepenaeus paulensis were carried out during the 2016 harvest period. The samples were analyzed for the presence of V. parahaemolyticus. The strains were evaluated for biofilm production capacity on microtiter plates, both before and after being submitted to different types of sublethal stress. V. parahaemolyticus was isolated from 16.66% (2/12)

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Distribution of Vibrio cholerae virulence genes among different Vibrio species isolated in Sardinia, Italy

Cited by 71 publications

References 20 publications

Distribution of five vibrio virulence-related genes among Vibrio harveyi isolates

Distribution of five vibrio virulence-related genes among Vibrio harveyi isolates

Deep-sea hydrothermal vent bacteria related to human pathogenic Vibrio species

FORMAÇÃO DE BIOFILME APÓS ESTRESSE SUBLETAL POR Vibrio parahaemolyticus ISOLADOS DE CAMARÃO-ROSA (Farfantepenaeus paulensis)

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