Distribution pattern and mortality of the white tip nematode, Aphelenchoides besseyi (Nematoda: Aphelenchoididae), among rice seeds

Togashi, Katsumi; Hoshino, Shigeru

doi:10.1163/156854101300106847

Cited by 21 publications

(17 citation statements)

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“…Thus, one observation of our previous study, that rice seeds harbouring many nematodes had more fully developed endosperm than those harbouring only few nematodes (Togashi & Hoshino, 2001), was obviously due to light seeds harbouring the nematode.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…The degree of swelling was recorded for individual seeds as a measure of the development of the endosperm (Togashi & Hoshino, 2001) and the recorded characteristics were: least swollen, empty seeds (grade 1); less swollen seeds containing laminar endosperm (grade 2) or poorly developed endosperm (grade 3); swollen seeds containing well-developed endosperm (grade 4), and over-developed endosperm that had broken the interlocking structure at the edges of palea and lemma partially and extended through the wound (grade 5).…”

Section: Degree Of Seed Swellingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Trade-off between dispersal and reproduction of a seed-borne nematode, Aphelenchoides besseyi, parasitic on rice plants

Togashi¹,

Hoshino²

2003

Nematol

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The effect of nematode infestation on dispersal and survival of both host plant and parasitic nematode was investigated experimentally using rice plants, Oryza sativa L. and Aphelenchoides besseyi Christie, a seed-borne ectoparasite. Nematode-inoculated plants produced a greater proportion of light seeds oating on water than non-inoculatedplants. Nematode mortality was greater in light seeds than in heavy seeds. In the case of light seeds, the mean degree of seed swelling increased as the number of nematodes harboured increased, whereas it was constant with increasing numbers of nematodes for the intermediate and heavy seed groups. A smaller proportion of light seeds germinated and these took longer for seminal roots to protrude than from heavy seeds, irrespective of whether they derived from nematode-inoculatedor non-inoculatedplants. These results indicate a trade-off for rice seed speci c gravity between dispersal and competition of rice seeds and another trade-off between dispersal and reproduction of nematodes harboured in the seed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Section: Degree Of Seed Swellingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trade-off between dispersal and reproduction of a seed-borne nematode, Aphelenchoides besseyi, parasitic on rice plants

Togashi¹,

Hoshino²

2003

Nematol

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“…Degree of swelling was recorded for individual seeds as a measure of development of the endosperm and categorized as follows: least swollen, empty seeds (grade 1), less swollen seeds containing laminar endosperm (grade 2) or poorly developed endosperm (grade 3), swollen seeds containing well-developed endosperm (grade 4), and over-developed endosperm that had broken the interlocking structure at the edges of palea and lemma partially and extended through the wound (grade 5) (Togashi and Hoshino, 2001).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trade-off between dispersal and reproduction in Aphelenchoides besseyi (Nematoda: Aphelenchoididae) harbored in Oryza sativa seeds in paddy fields

Hoshino

Togashi

2009

Appl. Entomol. Zool.

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The white tip nematode, Aphelenchoides besseyi, is a seed-borne ectoparasite of rice, Oryza sativa. Population parameters were compared with relation to seed specific gravity between infested and non-infested paddy fields to evaluate the effect of a nematode infestation on dispersal and survival of both host plant and nematode. When seeds from infested and non-infested paddy fields were floated on water, the proportion of light seeds (identified by floating at the water surface) was greater for infested field than for non-infested field. Light seeds showed smaller mean swelling, developed a smaller proportion of seminal roots, and required longer to produce the roots than did the heavy seeds from infested and non-infested fields. Nematode mortality was greater in light seeds than in heavy seeds. These results suggested that there was a trade-off between both the dispersal and competition of rice seeds and between dispersal and reproduction of nematodes harbored in the seed. Intriguingly, light seeds from infested fields showed a larger mean degree of swelling than did those from non-infested fields and light seeds harboring many nematodes had a welldeveloped endosperm, suggesting a host manipulation by the nematode.Key words: Host manipulation; seedling growth; nematode load; specific gravity of seeds; white tip nematode Appl. Entomol. Zool. 44 (3): 387-396 (2009) http://odokon.org/ * To whom correspondence should be addressed at: E-mail: togashi@fr.a.u-tokyo.ac.jp † Present address: Laboratory of Forest Zoology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan. DOI: 10.1303DOI: 10. /aez.2009 387 cific gravity Ն1.0), irrespective of their source, whether derived from nematode-inoculated or uninoculated plants (Togashi and Hoshino, 2003). The experiment also showed that nematode-inoculated plants produced a greater proportion of light seeds than un-inoculated plants and that nematode mortality was greater in light seeds than in heavy seeds. These results indicated a trade-off between dispersal and reproduction of nematodes harbored in the seed through seed specific gravity.As the reproduction of A. besseyi after dispersal depends on the rice plant survival, the nematode might force the parent plant to supply a large amount of hydrocarbons and proteins to the light seeds harboring them. Intriguingly, the inoculation experiment indicated that as the number of nematodes in a light seed increased, the nematode mortality decreased and the degree of seed swelling increased, the latter suggesting a host manipulation by A. besseyi (Togashi and Hoshino, 2003). To our knowledge, similar type of host manipulation has never been reported for other nematode species that parasitize plant seeds.The results of the inoculation experiment (Togashi and Hoshino, 2003) have not been confirmed for A. besseyi-infected rice seeds harvested in paddy fields yet. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine the relationships between initial seed specific gr...

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“…As an opportunistic species, A. besseyi moves frequently and completes its life cycle based on the nutritional conditions of the infected rice plants. In rice paddy fields, the nematodes infect young shoots at the vegetative growth stage and then migrate vertically until reaching the seeds (Togashi & Hoshino, 2001). This migratory behaviour is followed by an increasing nematode population (Rahman & Miah, 1989;Liu et al, 2008).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The white-tip nematode, Aphelenchoides besseyi, exhibits an auxin-orientated behaviour affecting its migration and propagation

Feng

Shen

Wei

et al. 2014

Nematol

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Aphelenchoides besseyi is an obligate parasite that often causes white-tip symptoms in rice plants. The nematode exhibits ectoparasitic behaviour with its infection rate matching the development of rice plants. Few studies have analysed how A. besseyi migration is influenced by chemical and host factors. Here, we focused on the effects of auxins on nematode migration and propagation. Exposure of A. besseyi to an auxin gradient created by a Pluronic F-127 gel resulted in nematode aggregation at the highest auxin concentration tested, 100 pm . Inoculation on the susceptible cv. Ningjingl produced more nematodes than on the resistant rice cv. Tetep, which correlated with their endogenous auxin levels. Young panicles treated with 1-naphthaleneacetic acid produced more grains and nematodes, whereas plants treated with the auxin transport inhibitor, 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid, led to fewer nematodes in the seeds. In addition, A. besseyi rarely migrated and multiplied in the plants of the male sterile rice cv. Zhenshan97A, which had insufficient auxin level in pollen and thus could not generate any grains in most panicles. However, large numbers of nematodes were observed in seeds of cv. Zhenshan97A that had received pollens from the maintainer cv. Zhenshan97B. The results indicate that auxin might play a key role in the migration and propagation of A. besseyi.

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Distribution pattern and mortality of the white tip nematode, Aphelenchoides besseyi (Nematoda: Aphelenchoididae), among rice seeds

Cited by 21 publications

References 0 publications

Trade-off between dispersal and reproduction of a seed-borne nematode, Aphelenchoides besseyi, parasitic on rice plants

Trade-off between dispersal and reproduction of a seed-borne nematode, Aphelenchoides besseyi, parasitic on rice plants

Trade-off between dispersal and reproduction in Aphelenchoides besseyi (Nematoda: Aphelenchoididae) harbored in Oryza sativa seeds in paddy fields

The white-tip nematode, Aphelenchoides besseyi, exhibits an auxin-orientated behaviour affecting its migration and propagation

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