Distributions of key exposure factors controlling the uptake of xenobiotic chemicals in an estuarine food web

Iannuzzi, Timothy J.; Harrington, Natalie W.; Shear, N.M.; Curry, Cynthia L.; Carlson-Lynch, Heather; Henning, Miranda H.; Su, Steave H.; Rabbe, David E.

doi:10.1002/etc.5620151117

Cited by 19 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…The sensitivity analysis showed that the Log K ow is the second most important parameter influencing the osprey toxicity quotients (after the osprey Toxic Reference Values, TRVs), followed by the sediment and water concentrations. These results are consistent with both Burkhard (24,35) and Ianuzzi et al (36) who concluded that the lipid content of the exposed organisms and the K ow of the contaminant influence estimates of tissue concentrations more than other parameters.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Uncertainty in Octanol−Water Partition Coefficient: Implications for Risk Assessment and Remedial Costs

Linkov¹,

Ames²,

Crouch³

et al. 2005

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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The assessment of human health and ecological risks at chemically contaminated sites often includes the use of models to assess chemical transport, fate, and exposure/toxicity. These models require input data on a variety of physical and chemical properties for each compound of concern. Small changes in some of these parameters may result in significant differences in estimated human health or ecological risks and in the extent of required remediation efforts. The octanol-water partition coefficient (K ow ) for hydrophobic organic compounds is one such parameter, particularly because it is often used to estimate additional partitioning and bioaccumulation parameters. Unfortunately, there is considerable variability among tabulated K ow values for many compounds of concern. This paper assesses the implications of using various values of K ow to calculate health-protective polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) sediment quality objectives (SQOs) in a case study using a simplified food chain model and the range of K ow values available from or recommended by the U. S. EPA. For the site and K ow values considered in this study, which are a snapshot of values available in the spring of 2004, the SQOs differ by as much as a factor of 5. This range of SQOs is estimated to correspond to a difference in remediation costs of $48 million.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Uncertainty in Octanol−Water Partition Coefficient: Implications for Risk Assessment and Remedial Costs

Linkov¹,

Ames²,

Crouch³

et al. 2005

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…Multiparameter alternatives to the simple equilibrium partitioning model have been developed [40][41][42]. One such model [40] uses fugacity calculations and considers diet, feeding behavior, chemical disequilibrium between sediment and water, and other factors for a total of about 40 input variables.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Uncertainty Analysis for an Equilibrium Partitioning–based Estimator of Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbon Bioaccumulation Potential in Sediments

Clarke¹,

McFarland²

2000

Environ Toxicol Chem

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In regulatory evaluations of contaminated sediments, an equilibrium partitioning-based screening test called theoretical bioaccumulation potential (TBP) is often performed to estimate the probable concentrations of neutral organic contaminants that would eventually accumulate in aquatic organisms from continuous exposure to a sediment. The TBP is calculated from contaminant concentration and organic carbon content of the sediment, lipid content of target organisms, and a partition coefficient, usually the biota-sediment accumulation factor (BSAF). However, routine applications of TBP have not included analysis of uncertainty. This paper demonstrates two methods for uncertainty analysis of TBP: a computational method that incorporates random and systematic error and a simulation method using bootstrap resampling of replicated model input parameters to calculate statistical uncertainty measures. For prediction of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) bioaccumulation in bivalves exposed to contaminated sediments, uncertainty as a factor of TBP ranged from 1.2 to 4.8 using the computational method and 0.5 to 1.9 based on bootstrap 95% confidence intervals. Sensitivity analysis indicated that BSAF parameters, especially tissue contaminant concentration and lipid content, contributed most to TBP uncertainty. In bootstrap tests of significance, TBP significantly over-or underestimated actual PAH bioaccumulation in bivalves in 41% and 10% of comparisons, respectively.

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“…For example, concentrations were not allowed to have negative values, and body weights were constrained to biologically appropriate values. This approach is consistent with that recommended by the U.S. EPA (1997c) and adopted in other studies (see, e.g., Iannuzzi et al, 1996;Hattis & Burmaster, 1994;. For example, we fitted lognormal PDFs to chemical concentration data collected by the LACSD (1997) for kelp bass and white croaker at the Palos Verdes Shelf.…”

Section: Assessing Health Risks To Anglers 607mentioning

confidence: 83%

An Event-by-Event Probabilistic Methodology for Assessing the Health Risks of Persistent Chemicals in Fish: A Case Study at the Palos Verdes Shelf

Wilson¹,

Price

Paustenbach³

2001

Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A

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A human health risk assessment of recreational anglers who consume fish from the Palos Verdes Shelf was conducted. The uptake of DDT, DDE, and DDD (collectively total DDT or tDDT) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) due to fish ingestion was characterized using Monte Carlo techniques. This analysis relied upon 176 probability density functions developed from over 300,000 individual pieces of information to represent 17 different exposure factors that influence the human uptake of persistent organic chemicals in fish. The carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic risks were estimated using a microexposure event modeling approach that estimates exposure on an event-by-event basis. This evaluation relied upon several large studies that provided site-specific data on angler behavior and concentratioins of chemicals in 13 fish species. Our results indicate that the median theoretical increased lifetime cancer risk associated with estimated exposure to tDDT and PCBs was 5 x 10(-8) for anglers who fish on commercial passenger fishing vessels (CPFVs) and who catch and eat fish from the Palos Verdes Shelf. The mean risk for these anglers was 2 x 10(-7), and the 95th percentile risk was 8 x 10(-7). At the 9.5th percentile, the hazard quotients for anglers were less than 1, indicating that noncancer effects are unlikely. These results are in contrast with prior risk assessments of this site that suggested that consumption of white croaker alone posed a cancer risk of 2 x 10(-3) and a hazard quotient of 32. Our results were validated by their agreement with several independent local studies regarding fishing and consumption practices. This assessment indicates that the levels of tDDT and PCB in fish at the Palos Verdes Shelf do not pose a significant risk to human health among recreational anglers. Based on the size of the local angler population, no cases of cancer would be expected to result from eating Palos Verdes Shelf fish. The methodology used here should be applicable to characterizing the risks to those who ingest fish from the waterways of most industrialized nations.

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Distributions of key exposure factors controlling the uptake of xenobiotic chemicals in an estuarine food web

Cited by 19 publications

References 54 publications

Uncertainty in Octanol−Water Partition Coefficient: Implications for Risk Assessment and Remedial Costs

Uncertainty in Octanol−Water Partition Coefficient: Implications for Risk Assessment and Remedial Costs

Uncertainty Analysis for an Equilibrium Partitioning–based Estimator of Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbon Bioaccumulation Potential in Sediments

An Event-by-Event Probabilistic Methodology for Assessing the Health Risks of Persistent Chemicals in Fish: A Case Study at the Palos Verdes Shelf

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