District cooling and heating with seawater as heat source and sink in Dalian, China

Li, Zhen; Lin, Dan; Shu, Haiwen; Jiang, Shaowei; Zhu, Yingxin

doi:10.1016/j.renene.2006.12.015

Cited by 104 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Renewable electricity such as solar PV, wind power and hydropower can also be used for DHC by equipping electric boilers and compression chillers in generation plants to convert renewable electricity into heat and cold. Natural cooling from deep sea, lakes and rivers is another interesting option for DC given their relatively stable temperature, as evidenced by their successfully use in Sweden [59], Canada [60] and China [61]. Most of the DHC networks are established in urban cities with high population densities, making it difficult to rely on renewable energy [58].…”

Section: 1mentioning

confidence: 99%

District heating and cooling optimization and enhancement – Towards integration of renewables, storage and smart grid

Liu

Rezgui

Zhu

2017

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

133

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Optimization and Enhancement of DHC networks to reduce (a) fossil fuel consumption, CO 2 emission, and heat losses across the network, while (b) increasing return on investment, forming key challenges faced by decision makers in the fast developing energy landscape. While the academic literature is abundant of research based on field experiments, simulations, optimization strategies and algorithms etc., there is a lack of a comprehensive review that addresses the multi-faceted dimensions of the optimization and enhancement of DHC systems with a view to promote integration of smart grids, energy storage and increased share of renewable energy. The paper focuses on four areas: energy generation, energy distribution, heat substations, and terminal users, identifying state-of-the-art methods and solutions, while paving the way for future research.

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Section: 1mentioning

confidence: 99%

District heating and cooling optimization and enhancement – Towards integration of renewables, storage and smart grid

Liu

Rezgui

Zhu

2017

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

133

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…They found a positive net present value for the majority of scenarios and both lower annual cost and a shorter pay-back period than investments in conventional heating and cooling systems. Sensitivity analysis indicates, however, that moderate changes in assumptions regarding either electricity prices, interest rates or coal prices may alter the main conclusion that a SWHP system would outperform the traditional systems for heating and cooling buildings in China [5]. Arat et al analyzed the assumed technological and economic performance of geothermal heating in a residential area in a medium-sized Turkish city driven by a heat pump.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water-Thermal Energy Production System: A Case Study from Norway

Idsø

Årethun

2017

Sustainability

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Abstract:The purpose of this paper is to describe a new way of producing renewable energy based on fjords as a water heater. We will call this system the Water-thermal Energy Production System (WEPS), because the basic idea is to extract heating and cooling energy from water. Although a prototype of WEPS has existed in Norway for more than ten years, a WEPS currently in operation has not been financially analyzed in the literature. Coastal parts of Norway have a potential of 5 TWh of profitable WEPS-facilities, due to convenient access to fjords containing water with stable all-season temperatures of about 4-12 • C when the depth of the water is about 50 m. This stability of the water temperature makes it possible to extract energy from the fjord in a very efficient way. The potential for economically-profitable WEPS in other parts of the world has not been estimated. In order to answer such a question, more research is required. We have conducted a case study of a WEPS located in the Norwegian municipality of Eid. This is the first full-scale Norwegian WEPS, and it has been operating since 2006. The nascent years have passed, and the technology has been in operation for some years. In this paper, we have made an estimate of the business profitability and the external effects based on past empirical evidence and some assumptions about future development in some key figures. The results suggests that WEPS-Eid has been a profitable investment carrying a positive internal rate of revenue, even if the present underutilization in production capacity will continue in the future. Stability in energy prices for heating purposes has also gained customers compared to the more volatile prices of alternative renewable energy, such as hydropower or wind turbines. The negative, external effects in the operating phase from WEPS-Eid are insignificant. Despite the significant profitability of the WEPS facility in Eid, there are two main obstacles for new entrants. There is a lack of relevant operational information for potential investors due to few facilities. This leads to uncertainty, and investments in WEPS appear as a risky business. Secondly, construction of a WEPS requires both big financial investments in digging and facilitating long trenches for a pipeline system and time and effort spent on acquiring the licenses needed for doing this work. A coordinating unit is probably required in order to get the necessary public and private licenses and to reduce fixed costs by coordinating other tasks in the same trenches, such as pipes for water and sewer, fiber cables and tele-cables. In Eid, the local municipal administration was the coordinating unit.

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“…North European countries take a lead in the engineering application of the seawater source heat pump heating and cooling system. Especially in Norway and Sweden, there are large scale application of the system for buildings [1,2] . Meanwhile, more research and applications of the system have been developed in the United States, Canada, China and Japan [2~9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Field measurement and energy efficiency enhancement potential of a seawater source heat pump district heating system

Shu¹,

Lin²,

Shi³

et al. 2015

Energy and Buildings

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District cooling and heating with seawater as heat source and sink in Dalian, China

Cited by 104 publications

References 3 publications

District heating and cooling optimization and enhancement – Towards integration of renewables, storage and smart grid

District heating and cooling optimization and enhancement – Towards integration of renewables, storage and smart grid

Water-Thermal Energy Production System: A Case Study from Norway

Field measurement and energy efficiency enhancement potential of a seawater source heat pump district heating system

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