“…To circumvent this obstacle, a first-order filter combined with the backstepping control approach [ 5 ] is created by Swaroop, called dynamic surface control [ 6 ]. Despite dynamic surface control methods [ 7 , 8 , 9 ], that can reduce computing efforts, various nonlinear factors such as time delays, external disturbances, and physical constraints are ubiquitous in real industrial scenarios [ 10 , 11 ], which may diminish the controlling precision of the PMSM systems. Researchers have proposed proportional integral derivative (PID) control [ 12 ], neural network (NN) [ 5 ], time delay control [ 13 , 14 ], disturbance observer (DO) [ 15 , 16 ], and constraint control [ 17 , 18 ] methods for different nonlinearities to reach satisfying control results.…”