Disturbances in deciduous temperate forest ecosystems of the northern hemisphere: their effects on both recent and future forest development

Fischer, Anton; Marshall, Philip; Camp, Ann E.

doi:10.1007/s10531-013-0525-1

Cited by 117 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 100 publications

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“…Our findings confirmed the general statement that the occurrence of a natural disturbance can modify the species composition of the stand and increase overall biodiversity (Ilisson et al 2007, Fischer et al 2013). In the Szast PF, Scots pine was the main tree species before the disturbance.…”

Section: Species Abundance and Composition Of Regenerationsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…The nonrandom distribution of seedlings and saplings is usually attributed to the microsite mosaic created by the disturbance (Kuuluvainen & Kalmari 2003, Nagel et al 2006, Thaxton et al 2007, Xi et al 2008, Allen et al 2012, Fischer et al 2013. The most common pattern of seedling and sapling distribution in the case of the analysed stands was random, which was present regardless of the disturbance severity in the forest.…”

Section: Spatial Pattern Of Natural Regenerationmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Spatial diversity of forest regeneration after catastrophic wind in northeastern Poland

Szmyt

Dobrowolska

2016

iForest

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We examined the spatial diversity of young growth established after the catastrophic windthrow occurred in 2002 in the northeastern part of Poland. Our observations and measurements were conducted on permanent circular measurement plots located in the Szast Protected Forest (continental lowland temperate forests) that were established 3 years after the windstorm and left to natural succession. We evaluated the spatial indices characterizing the four main aspects of stand structure: the spatial arrangement of seedlings and saplings, species mingling, tree size diversity at the local spatial scale and the overall structural complexity index. The calculations were conducted in parts of the forest with differing severity of disturbance. The obtained results indicated the prevalence of a random arrangement of young growth. Clumps of regeneration were observed to a lesser degree in all parts of the forest. The species diversity was moderate and was the highest in the slightly or severely disturbed stands. Scots pine formed homogenous groups of regeneration and oaks were intermingled among other tree species. The height of the natural regeneration was moderately or highly differentiated in all stands. The overall structural diversity index showed that stand regeneration in the slightly or moderately disturbed stands was more differentiated than the young growth in the severely disturbed stands. The size differentiation of young growth is a long-lasting process and thus should be considered in practices aimed at the re-growing of areas after a natural disturbance. This process might be used to the replace monocultures with more diversified forests even in poor forest site types.

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Section: Species Abundance and Composition Of Regenerationsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Spatial Pattern Of Natural Regenerationmentioning

confidence: 98%

Spatial diversity of forest regeneration after catastrophic wind in northeastern Poland

Szmyt

Dobrowolska

2016

iForest

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“…However, heavily disturbed sites in Ngangao and Chawia forests had higher species richness than moderately disturbed sites. Earlier studies have shown that heavy disturbances in forests can kill mature trees, but also create conditions necessary for the establishment of new tree cohorts and create microhabitats for new plant and animal species, thereby increasing the species diversity compared to less or moderately disturbed stands (Fischer et al, 2013). Therefore, heavy forest disturbance generated favourable micro-environment that facilitated the emergence of new tree species that enhanced the species richness in heavily disturbed sites.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Forest Disturbance on Vegetation Structure and Above-Ground Carbon in Three Isolated Forest Patches of Taita Hills

Wekesa¹,

Leley²,

Maranga³

et al. 2016

OJF

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The structure and species composition of undisturbed natural forests serve as benchmarks for understanding forest carbon storage potential for reduced carbon emissions. Even though Kenya is seeking to stabilize forest cover, reverse degradation and increase forest cover through mechanisms such as REDD+, there is relatively little information on inherent forest carbon storage potential or its response to disturbance. Comparative studies were undertaken in three remnant fragments of indigenous forests in Taita Hills, Kenya to characterize the structure and forest carbon storage potential of undisturbed, moderately and heavily disturbed sites within these forests. The sensitivity of forest carbon storage estimates to different methods of tree biomass estimation were also examined, including estimates which used DBH, tree height and wood density from extracted tree cores. Disturbance altered the forest structure, reduced species diversity and decreased the capacity of the forests to sequester carbon. The forests' capacity to sequester carbon reduced by between 9.2% and 70.7% depending on the site (forest fragment) and level of disturbance. Models with DBH and wood density gave higher quantities of carbon of between 0.9% and 44.4% for sites exhibiting different levels of disturbance. The present results suggest that disturbance had strong influence on forest structure, species diversity and carbon stocks and therefore maintaining the forests' ecological integrity over the long-term may prove difficult if the frequency and intensity of disturbance increases. Moreover, development and implementation of effective mitigation strategies to reduce carbon emissions will require the use of local biomass models since they are accurate.

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“…The dynamic of natural mixed forests is driven by disturbances of smaller scale and higher frequency, that remove single or eventually small groups of trees and favour multi-layered stand structure, but also by less frequent disturbances of intermediate or large scale, that allow shade-intolerant species to establish and survive [17][18][19][20]. Small-scale disturbances favour silver fir because of its high tolerance to shade, but on the other hand, silver fir is negatively affected by high deer browsing [21,22], the expansion of beech [8,18] and in the past also by air pollution [23,24]. Intermediate disturbances promote both common beech and Norway spruce establishment [25]; however, currently we can observe different development trends of these tree species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural Diversity in a Mixed Spruce-Fir-Beech Old-Growth Forest Remnant of the Western Carpathians

Parobeková

Pittner

Kucbel

et al. 2018

Forests

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Old-growth forests are a unique source of information for close-to-nature silviculture. In the National Nature Reserve Dobročský prales (Slovakia), a remnant of mixed old-growth forests of the Western Carpathians, we analyzed changes in tree species composition, stand structure, and creation and closure of canopy gaps. The results were based on data from forest inventories of an entire reserve conducted in 1978 and 2015, extended by detailed measurements in a research plot of 250 × 250 m. We observed the expansion of common beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) at the expense of conifers (Abies alba Mill., Picea abies L. Karst.) in all layers of the stand. Due to a lack of conifers in the category of saplings >130 cm and an abundance of coniferous deadwood, we hypothesize that this development will lead to the dominance of beech. All development stages revealed a reverse J-shaped diameter structure; however, they differed in the majority of basic stand characteristics (e.g., growing stock, basal area, tree density, deadwood volume). Most of the structural indices did not differ between development stages, confirming a relatively high degree of structural differentiation throughout the development cycle. The total gap area reached 18%, with the dominance of small gaps ≤100 m 2 . Nevertheless, only canopy gaps >100 m 2 formed by the mortality of three or more trees were of higher importance for the extensive establishment of natural regeneration.

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Disturbances in deciduous temperate forest ecosystems of the northern hemisphere: their effects on both recent and future forest development

Cited by 117 publications

References 100 publications

Spatial diversity of forest regeneration after catastrophic wind in northeastern Poland

Spatial diversity of forest regeneration after catastrophic wind in northeastern Poland

Effects of Forest Disturbance on Vegetation Structure and Above-Ground Carbon in Three Isolated Forest Patches of Taita Hills

Structural Diversity in a Mixed Spruce-Fir-Beech Old-Growth Forest Remnant of the Western Carpathians

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