Dithieno[3,2-b:2′,3′-d]pyrrole-based materials: Synthesis and application to organic electronics

Synthesis of Polyacrylate‐Based Chalcone Containing Different Donor Moieties and Studies on their Optical, Electrochemical, and Thermal Properties

“…8,9 In current, PV technologies are focused in the application of metal-free organic polymers; since the metal-free organic polymers possess the common system of donor-p-bridge-acceptor (D-p-A) as alternative sensitizers provide several advantages including low cost, light weight and good flexibility, 10 which have been employed to design various polymers according to individual demands for specific applications. 11,12 More importantly, soluble semiconducting polymeric materials can be readily processed and easily printed, removing the conventional photolithography for patterning, which is a critical issue for the realization of large-scale roll-to-roll processing of printed electronics. One particular approach was the application of alternating donor (D) and acceptor (A) units to steer the HOMO and LUMO levels, as well as the band gap of the resulting polymers (so-called D-A polymers) which is an efficient strategy for tailoring the properties of conjugated polymers for applications in OFETs and PSCs devices.…”

Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells — Opportunities and Challenges

“…The electron-donating material can be small molecules [12,13] or polymeric materials [10,11,[14][15][16][17][18][19] while polymeric materials are more commonly used in the literature. Both types of materials typically follow a Donor-Acceptor (D-A) design principle, in which the conjugated backbone is constructed by covalent linkage of a series of electron rich moieties and electron deficient moieties in an alternative way.…”

“…Finally we will end up our discussion with a summary and perspective on the future research. There have been many excellent summary works dealing with various aspects of OPV technology, such as the working mechanism and physics of the OPV device [6][7][8][9], design principles and synthesis of new light absorbing materials [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19], thin film morphology control and characterization [20][21], new device architecture development [22][23][24], interface engineering [25], quantum chemical calculations [26], economical aspects [27][28][29] and many insightful overviews and perspectives [30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42]. There are also a series of Photovoltaics Literature Survey papers by Santosh Shrestha [43] in Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications which are useful for readers to catch up current research progress in various aspects regarding PV technology.…”

Synthesis and photovoltaic properties of organic dyes containing N-fluoren-2-yl dithieno[3,2-b:2′,3′-d]pyrrole and different donors

“…A number of new p-conjugated aromatic segments such as substituted thiophene [3] or thienothiophene [3] derivatives have been reported to result remarkable power conversion efficiencies. Fused heteroaromatic systems such as benzo [1,2- [24], carbazole [25], 4H-cyclopenta [1,2- [26] and 4H-dithieno[3,2-b:2 0 ,3 0 -d]pyrrole (DTP) [27] have attracted attention because of their electron richness, planarity and rigidity. These features lead to unique electronic properties such as high conductivity, field-effect mobility [28], and tunable stacking [29] in the solid state; moreover, rigid structures hamper the roto-vibrational [30] modes responsible for the deactivation of the excited states in functional materials.…”

“…Among the fused heteroaromatic units, DTPs [31] have been used as building blocks in various polymers, oligomers and molecular materials to provide high carrier mobilities, enhanced solution and solid-state fluorescence with narrow band gaps [27]. As a result, these materials have been applied in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), organic photovoltaic cells (OPVs), electrochromic devices and field effect transistors (FETs) [27].…”