Dithiocarbamated chitosan as a potent biopolymer for toxic cation remediation

Khan, Adnan; Badshah, Syed; Airoldi, Cláudio

doi:10.1016/j.colsurfb.2011.05.006

Cited by 61 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…where N f is the number of moles sorbed (mmol g -1 ), n i and n s are the number of moles in the initial solution and the supernatant after equilibrium and m is the mass of the sorbent [16,17,19,20].…”

Section: Sorptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Chitosan modification is based on a two-step reaction, first with glycidylmethacrylate [19], followed by reaction with 1,2-ethanedithiol. In the first step, 4.0 g of chitosan was suspended in 200 cm 3 of water in a 250 cm 3 three-necked flask and stirred for 15 min at 353 K. To this suspension 2.65 cm 3 of glycidylmethacrylate was slowly added and the reaction was kept under mechanical stirring for 2 h. The product (CHg) obtained was filtered, washed with water, ethanol and dried under vacuum at 318 K for 6 h. Then, 4.0 g of CHg was added to 150 cm 3 of ethanol in a 250 cm 3 three-necked flask while stirring at 333 K, followed by slowly addition of 1.67 cm 3 of 1,2-ethanedithiol in the presence of 1.0 cm 3 of triethylamine as a catalyst and this mixture was maintained under reflux with mechanical stirring for 72 h. The new material (CHgt) was filtered, washed with ethanol and deionized water and dried under vacuum at 318 K for 6 h.…”

Section: Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another possibility to reach the same condition is, in principle, to block the amino group with a special reagent and remove it after having reacted carbon 6, to again yield chemically modified chitosan [15], in which the attached basic center on pendant chains are enriched by the free amino group to chelate cations from aqueous solutions. Thus, chitosan has the ability to chelate metal ions from aqueous solutions, but when chemically modified with the incorporation of pendant chains containing basic centers, the ease in removal of metals is expected to be increased [16][17][18][19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Environmentally benign modified biodegradable chitosan for cation removal

2014

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The biodegradable biopolymer chitosan had its linear structure chemically modified in a two-step reaction, first by exploring the amino reactivity with glycidylmethacrylate, whose intermediate product, containing an aldehyde group, was then reacted with 1,2-ethanedithiol. Chitosan and the synthesized biopolymers were characterized by elemental analyses, infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance of the carbon nucleus in the solid state, X-ray diffractometry, thermogravimetry and scanning electron microscopy, to give a degree of immobilization of 3.00 mmol g -1 . The available basic nitrogen, sulfur and oxygen Lewis centers attached to the enlarged pendant chains enriched the ability of the biopolymer for copper, lead and cadmium sorption from aqueous solution, to give maximum capacities of 2.05 ± 0.01; 2.53 ± 0.02 and 1.88 ± 0.01 mmol g -1 , when compared to chitosan with 1.54 ± 0.33; 1.22 ± 0.04 and 1.12 ± 0.08 mmol g -1 , respectively, using the Langmuir sorption isotherms. Based on the present results, the highest amount of these cation sorptions, especially with lead that is associated with sulfur-cation soft interactions, is dependent directly on not only the presence of long pendant chain attached, but also the availability of favorable Lewis base centers. The experimental data adjusted to the Langmuir, the Freundlich and the Temkin sorption isotherms using linear and non-linear regression methods and are in agreement with the best fit for Langmuir model type I.

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Section: Sorptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Environmentally benign modified biodegradable chitosan for cation removal

2014

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“…These have been classified as low-cost sorbents since their initial cost is very low and they are locally available materials [17]. Among these, clay minerals have found widespread application as adsorbents.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermodynamic and Isothermal Studies of Congo RedAdsorption onto Modified Bentonite

Rao¹,

Rao²

2015

Korean Chemical Engineering Research

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− Adsorption of Congo Red (CR) from dye-containing effluents using modified bentonite (MB) has been investigated here. Isothermal studies were conducted to ascertain maximum adsorption capacity of the adsorbent. MB exhibited superior adsorption capacity compared to other low-cost adsorbents. Experimental data fitted the Langmuir isotherm better, indicating monolayer coverage of CR on MB. The feasibility of the process was measured in terms of separation factor R L . The values of Gibbs free energy, entropy and enthalpy were calculated from the thermodynamics of the process. Adsorption was feasible and spontaneous, being endothermic. Analytical techniques including SEM, EDS, FTIR and XRD were applied to characterize MB and also to provide conclusive proof of the accumulation of CR on to MB.

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“…As mentioned before, these Lewis bases present great efficiency for aqueous metal ion removal [6][7][8] . However, functional basic groups attached to the pendant chains have also been employed for other important applications 9,[14][15][16][17][18] . Oxidation is another systematic process to incorporate organic moieties containing functional groups in this fantastic biopolymer that can be performed through esterification and also etherification reactions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface cellulose modification with 2-aminomethylpyridine for copper, cobalt, nickel and zinc removal from aqueous solution

et al. 2012

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Cellulose was first modified with thionyl chloride, followed by reaction with 2-aminomethylpyridine to yield 6-(2'-aminomethylpyridine)-6-deoxycellulose. The resulting chemically-immobilized surface was characterized by elemental analysis, FTIR, 13 C NMR and thermogravimetry. From 0.28% of nitrogen incorporated in the polysaccharide backbone, the amount of 0.10 ± 0.01 mmol of the proposed molecule was anchored per gram of the chemically modified cellulose. The available basic nitrogen centers attached to the covalent pendant chain bonded to the biopolymer skeleton were investigated for copper, cobalt, nickel and zinc adsorption from aqueous solution at room temperature. The newly synthesized biopolymer gave maximum sorption capacities of 0.100 ± 0.012, 0.093 ± 0.021, 0.074 ± 0.011 and 0.071 ± 0.019 mmol.g -1 for copper, cobalt, nickel and zinc cations, respectively, using the batchwise method, whose data was fitted to different sorption models, the best fit being obtained with the Langmuir model. The results suggested the use of this anchored biopolymer for cation removal from the environment.

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Dithiocarbamated chitosan as a potent biopolymer for toxic cation remediation

Cited by 61 publications

References 52 publications

Environmentally benign modified biodegradable chitosan for cation removal

Environmentally benign modified biodegradable chitosan for cation removal

Thermodynamic and Isothermal Studies of Congo RedAdsorption onto Modified Bentonite

Surface cellulose modification with 2-aminomethylpyridine for copper, cobalt, nickel and zinc removal from aqueous solution

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