Dithiothreitol–Lucigenin Chemiluminescent System for Ultrasensitive Dithiothreitol and Superoxide Dismutase Detection

Abstract

1,4-Dithiothreitol (DTT), a highly water-soluble and well-known reducing agent for preservation and regeneration of sulfhydryl groups in biomedical applications, has been developed as an efficient and stable coreactant of lucigenin for the first time. DTT efficiently reacts with lucigenin to generate intense chemiluminescence (CL), eliminating the need for external catalysts to facilitate the lucigenin CL. The DTT–lucigenin CL is approximately 15-fold more intense when compared with the lucigenin-H2O2 classical system. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) remarkably quenches the DTT–lucigenin CL. Based on this phenomenon, a newly developed CL approach for the determination of SOD was proposed with a linear range of 0.01–1.5 μg/mL and a limit of detection of 2.2 ng/mL. Various factors affecting the CL emission of the DTT–lucigenin probe were studied and optimized. Plausible mechanistic pathways for the CL coreaction of lucigenin with DTT were proposed and fully discussed. Our proposed method not only has the merit of being selective toward the target analytes but also eliminates the need for the complex synthesis of luminescent probes and facilitates the sensitive detection of SOD in human serum and cosmetics SOD raw material with satisfactory recoveries.

Integrated LED-induced fluorescence correlation spectroscopy module for lucigenin concentration detection

“…In summary, this target-oriented designing method grant our FCS module more flexibility and expansibility for different fluorescent molecules. Lucigenin (N, N-dimethyl-9,9′-biacridinium nitrate) [19,20] has been identified as a test sample in our experiments, as shown in Fig. 4.…”

The Lucigenin Assay: Measuring Anion Transport in Lipid Vesicles

“…Lucigenin was reported by Decker and Dunant in 1906 [22] and was first investigated for its chemiluminescence. [23][24][25] The chemiluminescent properties of lucigenin are currently used for the detection of various biologically relevant substances [26][27][28][29] and the detection of superoxide. [30][31][32] 10.1002/anse.202300044…”

The Molecular Basis of Organic Chemiluminescence

“…In many of these transformations, the chemiexcitation mechanism operating is not exactly known, but they usually show emission quantum yields in the 10% range [ 1 , 5 ]. Examples of this kind of transformation are the long-known oxidations of luminol [ 91 , 92 , 93 , 94 , 95 ], lophine [ 96 , 97 , 98 , 99 ], and lucigenin [ 100 , 101 , 102 , 103 ], as well as the similar reaction of acridinium esters [ 104 , 105 , 106 , 107 ].…”