Diurnal variation of root respiration rates and nitrate uptake as influenced by nitrogen supply

Hansen, G. K.

doi:10.1111/j.1399-3054.1980.tb03279.x

Cited by 83 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…summer season, throughout the day, and that root respiration declines after even one day in the dark. Previous studies reported that low rates of root respiration were associated with low demand from roots, low levels of translocated carbohydrates and low ATP production for fuel of water and nutrient uptake (Hansen 1980;Millenaar et al 2000;Lynch et al 2013). Our results showed that roots were able to immediately Fig.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

“…Carbon assimilated via photosynthesis is generally allocated to plant organs where it can be stored, used to build struc-tural biomass, or used as a substrate for autotrophic respiration. Previous studies have reported that carbohydrate transfer from the leaves to the roots via phloem follows diurnal rhythmic patterns associated with nutrient and water uptake from the soil (Hansen 1980;Aubrey and Tesky 2009). As a result, photosynthetic activity is a key driver of root respiration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When herbaceous plants were transferred from a high to a low light intensity, root respiration rates decreased (Hansen 1980;Millenaar et al 2000). To date, less is known whether the pattern in root respiration of tree species is similar to that of herbaceous plants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Linkages between diurnal patterns of root respiration and leaf photosynthesis in Quercus crispula and Fagus crenata seedlings

Makita

Kosugi

Kamakura

2014

J. Agric. Meteorol.

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The physiological traits of tree roots have been considered associating with photosynthetic capacity; however, the linkages between diurnal patterns of root respiration and assimilation in individual leaves are poorly understood. Our objectives were to investigate the diurnal patterns of tree root respiration and the assimilation under natural luminous environments and to explore the potential environmental drivers of root respiration and the assimilation by relating trees' diurnal cycle to commonly measured variables. We simultaneously and continuously measured individual leaf assimilation and root respiration in 3-year-old seedlings of Quercus crispula and Fagus crenata, which are commonly the dominant tree species in deciduous broad-leaved forests in Japan, in full-sun and in the dark. Net assimilation rates followed a diurnal pattern in both species, with a marked decline in the morning that corresponded to a rapid increase in photosynthetic photon flux density, an increase in leaf temperature, and a vapor pressure deficit. Similarly, root respiration rates in both species decreased around noon in the sun treatment, although the soil temperature continued to increase. Seedlings in the sun treatment had significantly higher rates of root respiration than seedlings that were kept in the dark. Our results suggest that the midday depression of leaf assimilation could lead to downward transport of photosynthetic products, causing a midday depression in root respiration on a diurnal time scale. Furthermore, the effects of changes in the assimilated carbon supply on root respiration are likely to vary with light conditions experienced by leaves.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Linkages between diurnal patterns of root respiration and leaf photosynthesis in Quercus crispula and Fagus crenata seedlings

Makita

Kosugi

Kamakura

2014

J. Agric. Meteorol.

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“…Increased availability of photosynthate for root respiration resulting from increased production and/or increased translocation has been emphasized as the major factor by which the shoot system controls the root. Diurnal patterns in root respiration can also be explained by fluctua-tions in the levels of carbohydrate (Farrar, 1981) and the rate of ion uptake (Hansen, 1980) by the root. Szaniavvski (1980) found rates of root respiration of Scots pine {Pinus sylvestris) seedlings growing in liquid culture was about 15 % higher during the day than at night (measured respiration rates ranged from 66 to 130/imol CO, g"' h~').…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal changes in root and soil respiration of ozone‐exposed ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) grown in different substrates

Andersen

1997

New Phytologist

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Exposure to ozone (O,,) has been shown to decrease the allocation of carbon to tree roots. Decreased allocation of carbon to roots might disrupt root metabolism and rhizosphere organisms. The efFects of soil type and shoot O3 exposure on below-ground respiration and soil microbial populations were investigated using container-grown ponderosa pine {Pmus ponderosa Laws.) growing in a low-nutrient soil, or a fertilizer-amended organic potting media, and exposed to one of three levels of O3 for two growing seasons in open-top exposure chambers. A closed system, designed to measure below-ground respiratory activity (CO^ production, O^ consumption and RQRespiration Quotient; (CO^; O.^) of plants growing in pots, was used monthly to monitor below-ground respiration of 3-yr-old ponderosa pine.Although seasonal differences were detected, CO.^ production (//.mol h~' g~' total root d. wt), Oj consumption (/tmol h"' g~' total root d. wt) and RQ (CO.^:O,) increased with increasing O3 exposure level. Seasonal patterns showed increased respiration rates during periods of rapid root growth in spring and early fall. Respiration quotient tended to decrease during known periods of active root growth in control seedlings, but a similar response was not observed in O^-treated seedlings. Responses to O3 were greatest in the soil-grown plants, which had a lower fertility le\'el than media-grown plants. Although root d. wt was decreased, root: shoot ratios did not change in response to O.,. Soil-grown plants had higher root-shoot ratios than media-grown plants, reflecting the lower fertility of the soil.Plant exposure to O3 was found to affect both active and total populations of soil organisms. In both organic potting media and in soil, biomass of active soil fungi, and the ratio of active-fungal to active-bacterial biomass increased with increasing plant exposure to O.j. The effect of O3 on total fungal and bacterial biomass was not linear: at low O., levels, total fungal and bacterial biomass increased; at the high O3 level, total fungal and bacterial biomass decreased compared with those of controls.Our results show that O, exposure to shoots significantly disrupts CO^ production and O, consumption of soil and roots of ponderosa pine seedlings. Below-ground respiratory differences were thought to be a result of changes in respiratory substrates, carbon refixation within the plant and soil microbial activity. Ozone also changes belowground RQ, suggesting that Q., substantially disrupts root metabolism and interactions with rhizosphere organisms. Ozone exposure of ponderosa pine grown in different soil types can disrupt below-ground respiration and influence populations of soil organisms without alteration of biomass partitioning between above-and belowground plant components. Collectively, the effect of O, on the below-ground system is of concern since it is likely that these changes are accompanied by a change in the ability of root systems to acquire nutrient and water resources and possibly to synthesize amino acids and proteins...

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“…Natural fluctuations in carbohydrate (energy) status occur during the daily light/dark cycle, and carbohydrate reserves become severely depleted with extended darkness (17). Limitations in carbohydrate supply likely are, in large part, responsible for the decreased rates of N03-uptake (6,11,25), and reduction (1,27) observed in darkness. Accordingly, our experiment involved exposure of young tobacco plants to '5NO3-for 6 h intervals during a normal 12 h light period and during a following 42 h period of extended darkness.…”

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confidence: 99%

Effects of Altered Carbohydrate Availability on Whole-Plant Assimilation of ¹⁵NO₃⁻

Rufty¹,

MacKown²,

Volk³

1989

Plant Physiol.

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An experiment was conducted to investigate the relative changes in N03-assimilatory processes which occurred in response to decreasing carbohydrate availability. Young tobacco plants (Nicotiana tabacum [L.], cv NC 2326) growing in solution culture were exposed to 1.0 millimolar 15N03-for 6 hour intervals during a normal 12 hour light period and a subsequent period of darkness lasting 42 hours. Uptake of 15NO3-decreased to 71 to 83% of the uptake rate in the light during the initial 18 hours of darkness; uptake then decreased sharply over the next 12 hours of darkness to 11 to 17% of the light rate, coincident with depletion of tissue carbohydrate reserves and a marked decline in root respiration. Changes also occurred in endogenous 15NO3-assimilation processes, which were distinctly different than those in '5NO3-uptake. During the extended dark period, translocation of absorbed '5N out of the root to the shoot varied rhythmically. The adjustments were independent of 15NO3-uptake rate and carbohydrate status, but were reciprocally related to rhythmic adjustments in stomatal resistance and, presumably, water movement through the root system. Whole plant reduction of '5NO3-always was limited more than uptake. The assimilation of '5N into insoluble reduced-N in roots remained a constant proportion of uptake throughout, while assimilation in the shoot declined markedly in the first 18 hours of darkness before stabilizing at a low level. N03-uptake (6, 11, 25), and reduction (1, 27) observed in darkness. Accordingly, our experiment involved exposure of young tobacco plants to '5NO3-for 6 h intervals during a normal 12 h light period and during a following 42 h period of extended darkness. The approach allowed assessment of the relative sensitivities of NO3-assimilation activities in plants with widely varying carbohydrate availabilities.Of particular interest in this experiment was the regulation of NO3-transport from the root into the xylem. Previous studies have revealed that a larger proportion of the NO3-taken up by roots is translocated to the shoot in light than in darkness (22,24,29). The observation raises the possibility that xylem transport of NO3-is highly sensitive to a carbohydrate limitation. An alternative explanation is that the lower rate of xylem transport in darkness is closely associated with decreased water movement through the root and vascular system. Since stomatal opening and closure, and transpiration, continue to oscillate rhythmically in periods of extended darkness (13,16)

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Diurnal variation of root respiration rates and nitrate uptake as influenced by nitrogen supply

Cited by 83 publications

References 31 publications

Linkages between diurnal patterns of root respiration and leaf photosynthesis in Quercus crispula and Fagus crenata seedlings

Linkages between diurnal patterns of root respiration and leaf photosynthesis in Quercus crispula and Fagus crenata seedlings

Seasonal changes in root and soil respiration of ozone‐exposed ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) grown in different substrates

Effects of Altered Carbohydrate Availability on Whole-Plant Assimilation of ¹⁵NO₃⁻

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Diurnal variation of root respiration rates and nitrate uptake as influenced by nitrogen supply

Cited by 83 publications

References 31 publications

Linkages between diurnal patterns of root respiration and leaf photosynthesis in Quercus crispula and Fagus crenata seedlings

Linkages between diurnal patterns of root respiration and leaf photosynthesis in Quercus crispula and Fagus crenata seedlings

Seasonal changes in root and soil respiration of ozone‐exposed ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) grown in different substrates

Effects of Altered Carbohydrate Availability on Whole-Plant Assimilation of 15NO3−

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Effects of Altered Carbohydrate Availability on Whole-Plant Assimilation of ¹⁵NO₃⁻