Diurnal Variation of Summer Rainfall Over East China, Korea and Japan

Ramage, C. S.

doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1952)009<0083:dvosro>2.0.co;2

Cited by 46 publications

(47 citation statements)

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“…Taiwan) found that nocturnal instability over these areas can be initiated by diurnally varying lowlevel atmospheric thermal advection (e.g. Ramage, 1952;Chen et al, 2010), radiative cooling at the top of the cloud (e.g. Gray and Jacobson, 1977;Chen et al, 2010), and convergence of surface wind and water vapor flux (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 92%

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Maintenance mechanisms for the early‐morning maximum summer rainfall over southeast China

Huang

Chan

2011

Quart J Royal Meteoro Soc

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During the summer months, diurnal rainfall variation over southeast China is frequently characterized by a major peak in the afternoon and a minor peak in the early morning. While the afternoon rainfall maximum is generally recognized to be mainly modulated by the diurnally varying wind introduced by land-sea and mountain-valley differential heating, causes of the early-morning rainfall are not well documented. In this study, variation in the semi-diurnal harmonic of rainfall is found to be more important than variation in the diurnal harmonic of rainfall for determining the timing of the early-morning rainfall peak. Diagnoses of the atmospheric thermodynamic conditions indicate that late-night vertical differential thermal advection and semi-diurnal variation in land-sea differential radiative heating/cooling are the major reasons for reduction in stability in the early morning and, in turn, facilitate the formation of an early-morning maximum in rainfall.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…It was noted from rain gauge observations that the hourly rainfall over SEC (hereafter, P SEC ) frequently consists of two peaks within a day (e.g. Ramage, 1952;Yin et al, 2009). Generally, a major maximum peak of P SEC occurs in the afternoon and a minor maximum peak appears in the early morning (Figure 1(c)).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 64%

Maintenance mechanisms for the early‐morning maximum summer rainfall over southeast China

Huang

Chan

2011

Quart J Royal Meteoro Soc

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“…The Korean Peninsula is surrounded by ocean and narrow in terms of land area, with a complex, mountainous topography, and as such the rainfall system for South Korea is likely to be enhanced or declined in many cases, especially during the summer season (Ramage 1952;Jung et al 2001). Therefore, the fixed empirical Z-R relationship suggested in previous studies is not suitable for the South Korea region.…”

supporting

confidence: 54%

Operational Real-Time Adjustment of Radar Rainfall Estimation over the South Korea Region

Suk

Chang²,

Cha

et al. 2013

Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan

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An operational real-time adjusted radar-automatic weather station (AWS) rain rate (RAD-RAR) system, using 10 radars of the Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA), has been developed for the South Korea region. The procedure of the RAD-RAR system consists of four steps for real-time operation: 1) the quality control of volumetric reflectivity for each radar, 2) the computation of the rain-gauge rain rate every 10 min. within each radar, 3) the realtime (updated every 10 min.) rainfall estimation by the Z-R relationship minimizing the difference between the 10-min constant altitude plan position indicator and rain-gauge rain rate based on window probability matching method (WPMM) and by the real-time bias correction of RAD-RAR conducted at 10 min. intervals for each radar by making the bias, and 4) the composition of estimated rainfall data of the 10 radars. It is noted that this RAD-RAR system is available only for summer rainfall cases with the absence of bright band around 1.5 km in height, as the system does not include bright band correction. The performance of RAD-RAR was examined for the 10 heavy rainfall events of 2006, and we obtained results suggesting that the real-time Z-R adjustment of RAD-RAR is better in terms of the agreement with the rain-gauge rain rate than that of the previously fixed Z-R relationship, and the additional bias correction of RAD-RAR yields slightly better results. A square of correlation coefficient R 2 = 0.84 was obtained between the daily accumulated observed and RAD-RAR estimated rainfall.

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“…The dominance of mid-afternoon rainfall in most periods is probably the result of localized convective rain events from cumulus clouds developed by solar heating through the day (Battan, 1979;Riehl, 1979). Similar mid-afternoon peaks are seen at other inland tropical localities in Peninsular Malaysia (Ramage, 1964;Oki and Musiake, 1994;Sorooshian et al, 2002) and the Amazon (Lloyd, 1990). This contrasts with the oceans (and small islands), which show an early morning rainfall peak, due to nocturnal cooling or sea-air temperature differences (Sorooshian et al, 2002;Bonell et al, 2004).…”

Section: Diurnal Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This contrasts with the oceans (and small islands), which show an early morning rainfall peak, due to nocturnal cooling or sea-air temperature differences (Sorooshian et al, 2002;Bonell et al, 2004). Coastal regions have diurnal distributions that either include elements of both land and ocean phenomena (Chen and Houze, 1997) or a distinctive regime resulting from the effects of land and sea breezes (Ramage, 1964;Sorooshian et al, 2002). Figure 4 also shows that, in all years, there are greater morning rainfalls during the northeast monsoon in comparison with the southwest monsoon.…”

Section: Diurnal Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of rain events at an inland locality in northeastern Borneo, Malaysia

Bidin

Chappell

2006

Hydrol. Process.

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Abstract:Understanding the intensity and duration of tropical rain events is critical to modelling the rate and timing of wetcanopy evaporation, the suppression of transpiration, the generation of infiltration-excess overland flow and hence to erosion, and to river responsiveness. Despite this central role, few studies have addressed the characteristics of equatorial rainstorms. This study analyses rainfall data for a 5 km 2 region largely comprising of the 4 km 2 Sapat Kalisun Experimental Catchment in the interior of northeastern Borneo at sampling frequencies from 1 min 1 to 1 day1 . The work clearly shows that most rainfall within this inland, forested area is received during regular short-duration events (<15 min) that have a relatively low intensity (i.e. less than two 0Ð2 mm rain-gauge tips in almost all 5 min periods). The rainfall appears localized, with significant losses in intergauge correlations being observable in minutes in the case of the typical mid-afternoon, convective events. This suggests that a dense rain-gauge network, sampled at a high temporal frequency, is required for accurate distributed rainfall-runoff modelling of such small catchments. Observed rain-event intensity is much less than the measured infiltration capacities, and thus supports the tenet of the dominance of quick subsurface responses in controlling river behaviour in this small equatorial catchment.

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Diurnal Variation of Summer Rainfall Over East China, Korea and Japan

Cited by 46 publications

References 0 publications

Maintenance mechanisms for the early‐morning maximum summer rainfall over southeast China

Maintenance mechanisms for the early‐morning maximum summer rainfall over southeast China

Operational Real-Time Adjustment of Radar Rainfall Estimation over the South Korea Region

Characteristics of rain events at an inland locality in northeastern Borneo, Malaysia

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