Diuron-Induced Cytological and Ultrastructural Alterations in the Root Meristem Cells ofAllium cepa

Chauhan, Lalit Kumar Singh; Saxena, Parul; Sundararaman, V.; Gupta, S.K.

doi:10.1006/pest.1998.2379

Cited by 60 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…This change is related to the cytotoxic effect of phenol on the exposed cells. Chauhan et al (1998), for instance, suggested that the decrease of MI can be attributed to the effect of environmental chemicals on DNA/protein synthesis of the biological system. These results are in agreement with the studies conducted on A. cepa and V. faba exposed to tannery waste leachates, which showed significant decrease of mitosis and root growth (Chandra and Gupta 2002;Chandra et al 2004).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Evaluation of phenol detoxification by Brassica napus hairy roots, using Allium cepa test

González

Maglione

Giordana

et al. 2011

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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In the present work, Brassica napus hairy roots (HR) were used for phenol removal assays. The toxicity of post-removal solutions (PRS) and phenol solutions was analyzed. These HR removed the contaminant with high efficiency (100-80% for phenol solutions containing 10-250 mg/L, respectively). Phenol solutions treated with B. napus HR showed a significant reduction of general toxicity compared to untreated phenol solutions, since the IC50 values were 318.39 and 229.02 mg/L, respectively. Moreover, PRS presented lower cytotoxicity and genotoxicity than that found in phenol solutions untreated. The mitotic index (MI) observed in meristematic cells treated with PRS (100 and 250 mg/L of phenol) showed an increase of 35% and 42%, whereas the chromosome aberrations showed a significant decrease. According to these results, B. napus HR cultures could be used for the treatment of solutions contaminated with phenol, since we observed not only high removal efficiency, but also an important reduction of the general toxicity, cytotoxicity, and genotoxicity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Evaluation of phenol detoxification by Brassica napus hairy roots, using Allium cepa test

González

Maglione

Giordana

et al. 2011

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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“…In addition, DNA target size and DNA content are also important in determining the genotoxic hazard of metals. As described by Kovalchuk et al (1998) and Chauhan et al (1998), genotoxicity can occur as a result of multipolar anaphase and c-mitose or damage of protein synthesis in the presence of a DNA toxicant. Simultaneous toxicity and clastogenity of wastes with Cr and Ni content was also confirmed for V. sativa by Miadoková et al (1999) and for V. faba and Allium cepa by Chandra et al (2004).…”

Section: Genotoxicity Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Plants as models for chromium and nickel risk assessment

Fargašová

2012

Ecotoxicology

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The adverse effects of Cr(III), Cr(VI), and Ni(II) expressed as root and shoot growth inhibition, metal accumulation and translocation throughout plants, and genotoxicity study were examined. To examine phytoxicity and metal accumulation, Vicia sativa, Raphanus sativus, Zea mays and Sinapis alba plants were used. Except for S. alba root growth inhibition, Ni had the strongest inhibitory effect on root and shoot growth. The inhibitory rank order based on IC₅₀ values was Ni(II) > Cr(VI) > Cr(III). Z. mays was the least sensitive to all metals. While the accumulation of Cr was higher in the roots than the upper plant parts, Ni transport to shoots was at least two times higher than that of Cr. The highest accumulation of Cr was found in Z. mays and that of Ni in V. sativa and Z. mays roots. For all plants, the translocation factor was higher for Cr(VI) than for Cr(III). The translocation factor for Ni was several times higher than those of Cr. For mutagenicity assay, root tips of V. sativa, R. sativus and Z. mays were used. All metals exerted a significant increase of chromosomal aberrations and the rank order of aberrations was: Cr(VI) > Ni(II) > Cr(III). Genotoxic effects of metals were also determined by analysis of micronuclei frequency in the pollen tetrads of Tradescantia plants. None of metals significantly stimulated micronuclei frequency and the genotoxic effect decreased in the following order: Cr(VI) ≥ Ni(II) > Cr(III).

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“…MN induction, observed with the independent and combined treatments of these compounds, may be due to the action of these compounds or their metabolites on the spindle apparatus. Electron microscopy studies carried out on the root meristem cells of Allium cepa exposed to DEL and/or ISO revealed impairment of microtubular function at different stages of the cell cycle that resulted in the induction of significant frequencies of mitotic aberrations scored at the light microscopic level [Chauhan and Sundaraman 1990, Chauhan et al, 1998. Higher concentrations of both these compounds caused severe condensation of the chromosomes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most substituted urea compounds, including ISO, are known to induce chromosome breaks in plants [Chauhan and Sundararaman, 1990;Chauhan et al, 1998;, to induce micronucleus formation in mouse bone marrow cells, to exhibit weak mutagenicity in the Ames test and are known to inhibit DNA synthesis [Seiler, 1978].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytogenetic effects of commercial formulations of deltamethrin and/or isoproturon on human peripheral lymphocytes and mouse bone marrow cells

Chauhan

Kumar

Paul

et al. 2007

Environ and Mol Mutagen

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The cytogenetic effects of deltamethrin (DEL) and/or isoproturon (ISO) were examined in human lymphocytes and mouse bone marrow cells. Peripheral lymphocytes were exposed to DEL (2.5, 5, 10, or 20 microM), ISO (25, 50, 100, or 200 microM), or DEL + ISO (2.5 + 25, 5 + 50, 10 + 100, or 20 + 200 microM) and cytogenic effects were evaluated via chromosomal aberrations (CA) and the cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay (CBMN). Mice were orally gavaged to single dose of DEL (6.6 mg/kg), ISO (670 mg/kg), or DEL+ISO (6.6 + 670 mg/kg) for 24 hr or to DEL (3.3 mg/kg/day), ISO (330 mg/kg/day), or DEL + ISO (3.3 + 330 mg/kg/day) for 30 days and analyzed for CA. DEL induced a significant frequency of CA at 10 microM whereas ISO (25-100 microM) alone, or in combination with DEL, did not show any significant effect. Micronucleus (MN) induction was observed to be concentration-dependent though significant frequencies were observed at 5 microM DEL, 100 microM ISO, or 5 + 50 microM DEL + ISO. In mice, DEL inhibited the mitotic index (MI) significantly (P < 0.001) at 24 hr while ISO alone, or in combination with DEL, did not cause any statistically significant effect. Following a 24 hr exposure, DEL and ISO alone induced significant (P < 0.01) frequencies of CA, whereas DEL + ISO in combination did not. Furthermore, 30 days exposure of ISO significantly inhibited the MI (P < 0.02 or < 0.01) and induced CA while DEL alone, or in combination with ISO, resulted in no significant effect on CA or the MI. The present findings indicate that the in vitro and in vivo exposure of a commercial formulation of DEL can cause genotoxic effects in mammals. However, the coexposure of DEL and ISO did not show additive effects, but instead demonstrated somewhat reduced genotoxicity.

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Diuron-Induced Cytological and Ultrastructural Alterations in the Root Meristem Cells ofAllium cepa

Cited by 60 publications

References 14 publications

Evaluation of phenol detoxification by Brassica napus hairy roots, using Allium cepa test

Evaluation of phenol detoxification by Brassica napus hairy roots, using Allium cepa test

Plants as models for chromium and nickel risk assessment

Cytogenetic effects of commercial formulations of deltamethrin and/or isoproturon on human peripheral lymphocytes and mouse bone marrow cells

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