The tetramethyleneethane (TME) ligand
is found in the η3,η3 complex trans-(η3,η3-TME)Ni2Cp2 and the η4,η4 complex trans-(η4,η4-TME)Co2Cp2, which have both been synthesized
and structurally characterized by X-ray crystallography. The structures
of the complete series of (TME)M2Cp2 derivatives
of the first-row transition metals from Ti to Ni have now been investigated
by density functional theory. The experimentally known nickel and
cobalt complexes are found to have closed-shell electronic ground
states. The lowest energy structure for the iron complex is the triplet
spin state trans-(η4,η4-TME)Fe2Cp2 structure with geometry
similar to that of the lowest energy cobalt structure. All of the
low-energy (TME)M2Cp2 structures for manganese
and the first-row transition metals to the left of manganese (Cr,
V, and Ti) exhibit cis-(η4,η4-TME)M2Cp2 stereochemistry, thereby
providing the possibility for direct metal–metal interactions.
Vanadium is the only first-row transition metal to the left of cobalt
where the lowest energy (TME)M2Cp2 structure
is a singlet spin state, suggesting limited applicability of the 18-electron
rule in these systems. The frontier molecular orbitals of these cis-(η4,η4-TME)M2Cp2 systems have been examined in order to provide insight
regarding metal–metal bonding. Thus, low-energy cis-(η4,η4-TME)Mn2Cp2 structures are found in both quintet and triplet spin states
with formal MnMn double bonds. The lowest energy cis-(η4,η4-TME)Cr2Cp2 and cis-(η4,η4-TME)Ti2Cp2 structures have triplet
spin states with a formal CrCr triple bond and a formal TiTi
double bond, respectively. The lowest energy cis-(η4,η4-TME)V2Cp2 structure
is a singlet structure with a formal VV triple bond.