Diverse strains of Actinobacillus lignieresii isolated from clinically affected cattle in a geographically restricted area

Abstract

Objective To investigate whether an outbreak of Actinobacillus lignieresii was caused by one or multiple strains. Methods Nine isolates of A. lignieresii were obtained from the lymph nodes of 15 affected cattle from two farms to determine whether a single strain was involved. An enterobacterial repetitive insertion consensus sequence (ERIC) PCR was used for genotyping, and the repeats‐in‐toxin genes were analysed by PCR and sequencing. Results Isolates from the two farms belonged to two and three genotypes, with a total of four genotypes detected. Genes of the apxICABD operons of some strains had deletions in the apxIA (~697 bp) and in the apxID (~187 bp) genes. The toxin gene deletions and the ERIC PCR patterns suggested the involvement of different A. lignieresii genotypes. Conclusion There was no evidence that a unique genotype was associated with actinobacillosis on the two farms, confirming that this disease was associated with other contributing factors.

Actinobacillosis outbreak in cattle with clinical manifestation of hippopotamus-like face

“…Small shrubs and fragments of branches, which due to stiffness and size could cause more easily injuries in this region of the oral cavity. Ulcers around the molar teeth were the entry route of infection in hippo-like face cases (Anderson et al 1990, Turni et al 2019, which was not present in cattle of this report, suggesting a different port of entry for the agent. The fact that the histological lesions were observed mainly in the subcutaneous tissue of the face and snout, does not rule out the possibility that the lesion was started by penetration of the agent into small lesions in the skin and/or nasal mucosa.…”

Actinobacillus lignieresii‐associated myocellulitis of the nasal planum in a Jersey cow

“…The appearance of the infection in the present cow differed from previously reported cases in the way that protruding granulomas were not present and the tissue reaction affected the entire nasal planum in a uniform way. Also, the infection remained localised and did not extend into the surrounding tissues (Figure 2a) or caused abscessation of the regional lymph nodes as frequently seen 4–6 …”

“…Also, the infection remained localised and did not extend into the surrounding tissues (Figure 2a) or caused abscessation of the regional lymph nodes as frequently seen. [4][5][6] The infection and associated inflammation completely destroyed the muscles of the nasal planum. Instead, an excessive amount of fibrous connective tissue was formed, which clinically was seen as a diffuse firm enlargement of the nasal planum.…”

“…[1][2][3] Lymphatic actinobacillosis is endemic in some parts of the world. [4][5][6] This manifestation is due to bacterial penetration of the oropharyngeal mucosa with a primary localisation of the bacteria in the lymphatic system causing lymphangitis and lymphadenitis of the head and neck lymph nodes, possibly with extension to adjacent tissues and fistulation to the skin surface. Actinobacillosis of the soft tissues of the nostrils in the form of protruding granulomas (granulomatous rhinitis) has also been reported.…”

“…In addition to this classical form of actinobacillosis, other manifestations have also been reported, such as oropharyngeal granulomas, infection of the skin and lymphatic system of the limbs, sometimes with distant dissemination to, for example, the lungs, and peritonitis 1–3 . Lymphatic actinobacillosis is endemic in some parts of the world 4–6 . This manifestation is due to bacterial penetration of the oropharyngeal mucosa with a primary localisation of the bacteria in the lymphatic system causing lymphangitis and lymphadenitis of the head and neck lymph nodes, possibly with extension to adjacent tissues and fistulation to the skin surface.…”