ABSTRACT.-Grecco F.B., Schild A.L., Soares M.P., Marcolongo-Pereira C.,

326Pesq. Vet. Bras. 31(4): 326-330, abril 2011 RESUMO.-Descrevem-se dois surtos de intoxicação por Senecio spp. em ovinos a campo no sul do Rio Grande do Sul. A enfermidade ocorreu no ano 2006 em duas propriedades que estavam severamente invadidas pela planta e com acentuada escassez de forragem. A morbidade nos dois surtos variou de 10% a 9,5% nas duas propriedades, respectivamente. Na primeira propriedade os animais eram nascidos e criados na área e na outra os ovinos haviam sido adquiridos alguns meses antes do surto. Os sinais clínicos caracterizaram-se por emagrecimento progressivo, apatia, fraqueza, icterícia e fotossensibilização. Macroscopicamente, o fígado dos ovinos necropsiados estava aumentado de tamanho, amarelado, com superfície capsular irregular e vesícula biliar aumentada de tamanho e com edema da parede. Ao corte no fígado havia nódulos bem delimitados, esbranquiçados com 1-3mm de diâme-tro. Havia, ainda, ascite e discreto edema de mesentério. Microscopicamente, as lesões hepáticas eram semelhantes em todos os fígados e caracterizadas por megalocito- on two farms that were heavily infested with Senecio spp. and had shortage of forage. The morbidity in both outbreaks was 10% and 9.5%, respectively. In one case the sheep were born and had grown up on the farm. On the other, the sheep flock was introduced into the farm some months before the outbreak. Clinical signs included progressive emaciation, apathy, weakness, jaundice and photodermatitis. At necropsy, the sheep had an augmented yellowish and firm liver with irregular capsular surface, and an extended and edematous gallbladder. There was distension and edema of the gallbladder. The cut surface the liver showed well-circumscribed whitish nodules measuring 1-3mm in diameter, which were randomly scattered throughout the hepatic parenchyma. There was also edema of mesentery and ascitis. Histopathological findings of the liver included hepatomegalocytosis, bile duct hyperplasia and periportal fibrosis. There were also swollen hepatocytes, randomly scattered necrotic hepatocytes and nuclear pseudo inclusions. Hepatic encephalopathy (status spongiosus) was observed in the brain in all necropsied sheep. The diagnosis of Senecio poisoning was based on epidemiological data, clinical signs, necropsy findings and histological lesions. It was concluded that despite infrequent, Senecio spp. poisoning in sheep may occur when animals are placed in areas heavily invaded by the plants. Although sheep can efficiently control Senecio spp. in paddocks, this apparently depends on the stocking rate, and outbreaks may occur when stocking rate is less than 0.2 sheep per hectare and when there is severe shortage of forage.INDEX TERMS: Poisonous plants, Senecio spp., hepatotoxicosis, plant poisoning, sheep.

A retrospective study of the diagnoses of injuries and deaths in equine in Southern Brazil was conducted between 1978 and 2012. All necropsy protocols and other materials of the Regional Diagnostic Laboratory of the Veterinary School of the Federal University of Pelotas were reviewed. The collected data consisted of 2,026 equine materials, including 514 necropsy protocols of and 1,512 other biologic materials, including the protocols of biopsies, organs, swabs, feces, blood, and skin scrapings. From the resulting 2,026 diagnoses, 467 (23.05%) corresponded to neoplasms and tumor like lesions; 168 (8.29%) to parasitic diseases; 135 (6.66%) to bacterial diseases; 31 (1.53%) to viral diseases; 86 (4.24%) to diseases caused by fungi and oomycetes; 50 (2.47%) to intoxication and poisoning by mycotoxins; 9 (0.44%) to metabolic diseases; 60 (2.96%) to other diseases; and 75 (3.70%) to non-transmittable diseases of the digestive tract. Three hundred twenty cases (15.79%) were classified as diseases of unknown etiology. Other diagnoses accounted for 489 of the total 2,026 cases (24.14%). In 44 (8.56%) of the 514 necropsies and 91 (9.47%) of the 961 biopsies of organs mailed into the laboratory, the diagnoses were inconclusive, totaling 135 (9.15%) of the 1,475 in the category. This study demonstrates the importance of skin lesions in horses, as 31.88% (642) of the biopsies received were lesions on the skin of the animals. The most significant tumors observed were equine sarcoid, at 33.18%, and squamous cell carcinoma, at 7.94%. The most common observed causes of death were leucoenceflomalacia (7.59%), rabies (3.70%) thromboembolism by Strongylus vulgaris (2.33%) and monocytic ehrlichiosis (1.75%). INDEX TERMS: Horses, disease of horses, retrospective study, pathology.

Resumo: Foi realizado um levantamento nos protocolos de necropsias de bovinos com histórico de morte súbita ou superaguda recebidos no Laboratório Regional de Diagnóstico da Faculdade de Veterinária da Universidade Federal de Pelotas (LRD/UFPel) entre 2000 e 2014. Para o estudo foram considerados os casos em que os animais tinham morrido inesperadamente sem apresentação de uma doença prévia ou sinal clínico no intervalo de 24 horas antes da observação do cadáver (Categoria 1) ou bovinos movimentados ou que sofreram algum tipo de manejo e morreram após quedas ou tremores com observação destes sinais (Categoria 2). Foram identificados 72 casos ou surtos incluídos nestas duas categorias de um total de 2.031 cadáveres/materiais de bovinos recebidos no LRD/UFPel no período, representando 3,5% do total. Os casos ocorreram em todas as épocas do ano e em 34 casos (47,2%) os bovinos afetados eram adultos, em 23 casos (31,9%) tinham entre dois e três anos e em 11 (15,3%) tinham até um ano de idade. Em quatro protocolos (5,6%) a idade não foi informada. Em 62 casos (86,1%) a forma de criação era extensiva, em sete (9,7%) a forma era semi-intensiva e em três (4,2%) a forma era intensiva. Dos 72 casos/surtos observados 52 (72,2%) foram classificados na Categoria 1 e 20 (27,8%) na Categoria 2. As enfermidades que mais causaram morte súbita ou superaguda foram: babesiose cerebral (10/72), intoxicação por organofosforados (10/72), carbúnculo hemático (7/72), hemoglobinúria bacilar (5/72) e fulguração (3/72). Dos 18 casos inconclusivos em apenas cinco foi realizada a necropsia completa e nos 15 casos negativos a Bacillus anthracis o material remetido não permitiu a pesquisa de outras enfermidades. Os resultados obtidos, permitiram concluir que as mortes súbitas na região Sul do Rio Grande do Sul são causadas por doenças, na sua grande maioria, bem conhecidas e endêmicas da região e que podem ser controladas ou evitadas por vacinação e manejo adequados. O envio de órgãos ao laboratório, quando não é possível enviar o cadáver completo, pode limitar o diagnóstico conclusivo em casos de morte súbita/ superaguda. O número expressivo de casos negativos a Bacillus anthracis ocorre em consequência de carbúnculo hemático ser uma suspeita frequente quando bovinos aparecem mortos sem a apresentação de sinais clínicos resultando no envio de material inadequado para a realização de outros diagnósticos.

Rabies affects several domestic species, causing significant economic losses due to the death of animals in characteristic areas of the southern region of Rio Grande do Sul. In this context, this work aimed to study the epidemiology of rabies outbreaks observed in cattle from January 2008 to December 2017, through its space and time distribution in the southern region of Rio Grande do Sul. We performed an observational and ecological retrospective through the analysis of data recorded in necropsy protocols performed in cattle at the “Laboratório Regional de Diagnóstico” of the “Universidade Federal de Pelotas” (LRD-UFPel). A descriptive data analysis aimed at evaluating the distribution of cases over time. The statistical analysis was performed with Gretl statistical software 1.9.12 (GNU Regression, Econometric, and Time-series Library). To the existence of stationarity was verified with the Dickey-Fuller test, considering a value of p<0.05. From January 2008 to December 2017, 1418 bovine diagnostic materials were received at the LRD-UFPel, and 160 outbreaks of rabies were confirmed in 160 farms located in the 24 municipalities of the LRD-UFPel area of influence. We observed 591 cattle out of a total of 25,886 infected with the virus. We conclude that rabies does not exhibit seasonality in the study region, with a tendency to decrease in frequency in the next years. The disease has an epidemic characteristic in most of the analyzed months (2012-2014), remaining endemic in the remaining period (2011, 2015 and 2016) with sporadic episodes of epidemics in these years. We also observed that as the incidence of the disease increased in the animals and in the properties, there was a geographical spread of the virus for the majority (54.16%) of the municipalities in the area of influence of the LRD-UFPel.