Diverse Testicular Responses to Exogenous Growth Hormone and Follicle-Stimulating Hormone in Prepubertal Boars1

Swanlund, David J.; N’Diaye, Mamadou R.; Loseth, K. J.; Pryor, Jon L.; Crabo, B. G.

doi:10.1095/biolreprod53.4.749

Cited by 48 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Exogenous GH and follicle-stimulating hormone have been shown to influence testicular maturation (Swanlund et al 1995). Graft development appeared to be sufficiently supported by endogenous mouse gonadotropins.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Graft development appeared to be sufficiently supported by endogenous mouse gonadotropins. GH is elevated around puberty and is associated with compensatory testicular hypertrophy and early onset of spermatogenesis after neonatal hemicastration (Kosco et al 1987, al Haboby et al 1988, Swanlund et al 1995. To test whether hormonal supplementation of recipient mice with bovine GH could improve spermatogenic efficiency, recipient mice were treated with exogenous bovine GH.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Germ cell fate and seminiferous tubule development in bovine testis xenografts

Rathi¹,

Honaramooz²,

Zeng³

et al. 2005

Reproduction

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Spermatogenesis can occur in testis tissue from immature bulls ectopically grafted into mouse hosts; however, efficiency of sperm production is lower than in other donor species. To elucidate a possible mechanism for the impaired spermatogenesis in bovine testis xenografts, germ cell fate and xenograft development were investigated at different time points and compared with testis tissue from age-matched calves as controls. Histologically, an initial decrease in germ cell number was noticed in xenografts recovered up to 2 months post-grafting without an increase in germ cell apoptosis. From 2 months onward, the number of germ cells increased. In contrast, a continuous increase in germ cell number was seen in control tissue. Pachytene spermatocytes were observed in some grafts before 4 months, whereas in the control tissue they were not present until 5 months of age. Beyond 4 months post-grafting spermatogenesis appeared to be arrested at the pachytene spermatocyte stage in most grafts. Elongated spermatids were observed between 6 and 8 months post-grafting, similar to the controls, albeit in much lower numbers. Lumen formation started earlier in grafts compared with controls and by 6 months post-grafting tubules with extensively dilated lumen were observed. A donor effect on efficiency of spermatogenesis was also observed. These results indicate that the low efficiency of sperm production in bovine xenografts is due to an initial deficit of germ cells and impaired meiotic and post-meiotic differentiation. The characterization of spermatogenic efficiency will provide the basis to understand the control of spermatogenesis in testis grafts.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Germ cell fate and seminiferous tubule development in bovine testis xenografts

Rathi¹,

Honaramooz²,

Zeng³

et al. 2005

Reproduction

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“…It has been demonstrated that Sertoli cells provide the environment that protects and nourishes germ cells and supports their development to viable sperm (França and Chiarini-Garcia, 2005) and Sertoli cell proliferation in pigs begins during the prenatal period (McCoard et al, 2002) and continues after birth (Swanlund et al, 1995;França et al, 2000). A critical period of Sertoli cell proliferation occurs during the first 3 weeks after birth (McCoard et al, 2003) and the total number of Sertoli cells achieved will determine testicle size in adulthood, as well as the sperm production capacity (Cooke et al, 1992;Hess et al, 1993).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Consequences of a low litter birth weight phenotype for postnatal lean growth performance and neonatal testicular morphology in the pig

Smit

Spencer

Almeida

et al. 2013

Animal

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The consequences of a low litter average birth weight phenotype for postnatal growth performance and carcass quality of all progeny, and testicular development in male offspring, were investigated. Using data from 25 sows with one, and 223 sows with two consecutive farrowing events, individual birth weight (BW) was measured and each litter between 9 and 16 total pigs born was classified as low (LBW), medium (MBW) or high (HBW) birth weight: low and high BW being defined as .1 standard deviation below or above, respectively, the population mean for each litter size. Litter average BW was repeatable within sows. At castration, testicular tissue was collected from 40 male pigs in LBW and HBW litters with individual BW close to their litter average BW and used for histomorphometric analysis. LBW piglets had a lower absolute number of germ cells, Sertoli cells and Leydig cells in their testes and a higher brain : testis weight ratio than HBW piglets. Overall, LBW litters had lower placental weight and higher brain : liver, brain : intestine and brain : Semitendinosus muscle weight ratios than MBW and HBW litters. In the nursery and grow-finish (GF) phase, pigs were kept in pens by BW classification (9 HBW, 17 MBW and 10 LBW pens) with 13 males and 13 females per pen. Average daily gain tended to be lower in LBW than HBW litters in lactation (P 5 0.06) and throughout the nursery and GF phases (P , 0.01), resulting in an increasing difference in body weight between LBW, MBW and HBW litters (P , 0.05). Average daily feed intake was lower (P , 0.001) in LBW than HBW litters in the nursery and GF phases. Feed utilization efficiency (feed/gain) was similar for LBW and HBW litters in the nursery, but was lower (P , 0.001) in HBW than LBW litters in the GF phase. By design, slaughter weight was similar between BW classifications; however, LBW litters needed 9 more days to reach the same slaughter weight than HBW litters (P , 0.001). BW classification did not affect carcass composition traits. In conclusion, LBW litters showed benchmarks of intrauterine growth retardation, LBW had a negative impact on testicular development and germ and somatic cell populations, and was associated with decreased postnatal growth during all phases of production; however, no measurable effect on carcass composition traits was established.

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“…The GH-deficient dwarf mouse has reduced testicular weight, seminiferous tubular diameter and germ cell number; however, with GH administration during the postnatal period these parameters can be normalised (5). In the prepubertal boar exogenous GH increased Sertoli cell size, tubular lumen formation and initiated spermatogenesis earlier than in controls (6). Reduced seminal fluid volume and total sperm number/ ejaculate compared with reference groups were found in patients with isolated GH deficiency (7).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lack of effects of recombinant human GH on spermatogenesis in the adult cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis)

Sjögren

Ekvärn²,

Zühlke

et al. 1999

European Journal of Endocrinology

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Objective: The effects on male reproductive parameters after 1 year of treatment with recombinant human GH to the cynomolgus monkey were investigated. Design: Twenty-four male cynomolgus monkeys were given daily subcutaneous doses of 0 (vehicle) (n = 7), 0.4 (n = 5), 2.0 (n =5) and 10.0 (n = 7) IU/kg bodyweight for 52 weeks. At completion of the treatment period two control and two high-dose animals were left for a 12-week treatment-free period. Methods: Before and during the treatment period and during the recovery period, sperm analyses, testicular volume measurements and hormone analyses of prolactin (PRL), LH, FSH, testosterone and IGF-I in serum, and analysis of serum antibodies against human GH were performed. Testicular morphology was monitored by biopsies, predose and on day 15 of the study, and with light microscopy on organ samples collected at time of death, at the end of the treatment, and during recovery periods respectively. Results: Of all studied parameters, alterations were observed only in serum levels of IGF-I and PRL. IGF-I showed a dose-dependent increase throughout the treatment, with a normalisation during the treatment-free period. PRL decreased significantly in animals given 10.0 IU/kg per day from week 14 of treatment and throughout the study but with a normalisation upon cessation of treatment. Spermatogenesis, as judged from semen analysis, testicular volume measurements and testicular morphology was not affected. Conclusion: This controlled preclinical study demonstrates that high doses of human GH do not alter male reproductive parameters in a non-human primate model.

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Diverse Testicular Responses to Exogenous Growth Hormone and Follicle-Stimulating Hormone in Prepubertal Boars1

Cited by 48 publications

References 51 publications

Germ cell fate and seminiferous tubule development in bovine testis xenografts

Germ cell fate and seminiferous tubule development in bovine testis xenografts

Consequences of a low litter birth weight phenotype for postnatal lean growth performance and neonatal testicular morphology in the pig

Lack of effects of recombinant human GH on spermatogenesis in the adult cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis)

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